FAMILY IV 
PAPILIONID/E (THE SWALLOWTAILS AND ALLIES) 
The butterflies of this family in both sexes are provided with 
six ambulatory feet. The caterpillars are elongate, and in the 
genera Papilio and Ornithoptera have osmateria, or protrusive 
scent-organs, used for purposes of defense. 
The chrysalids in all the genera are more or less elongate, at¬ 
tached at the anal extremity, and held in place by a girdle of silk, 
but they never lie appressed to the surface upon which pupation 
takes place, as is true in the Erycinidce and Lyccenidce . 
SUBFAMILY PIERIN/E (THE SULPHURS AND WHITES) 
** Fly, white butterflies, out to sea, 
Frail pale wings for the winds to try; 
Small white wings that we scarce can see 
Fly. 
Here and there may a chance-caught eye 
Note, in a score of you, twain or three 
Brighter or darker of tinge or dye; 
Some fly light as a laugh of glee, 
Some fly soft as a long, low sigh: 
All to the haven where each would be,— 
Fly.” Swinburne. 
Butterfly .—For the most part medium-sized or small butter¬ 
flies, white or yellow in color, with dark marginal markings. In 
many genera the subcostal vein of the fore wing has five, or even in 
some cases six nervules, and the upper radial is lacking in this wing. 
Early Stages .—The eggs are spindle-shaped, marked with 
vertical ridges and cross-lines. The caterpillars are cylindrical, 
relatively long, generally green in color, longitudinally striped with 
darker or paler lines. The chrysalids are generally more or less 
pointed at the head, with the wing-cases in many of the genera 
greatly developed on the ventral side, forming a deep, keel¬ 
shaped projection upon this surface. 
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