Genus Catopsilia 
small; the segments somewhat moniliform, resembling beads 
strung together, the surface covered with a multitude of minute 
papillae ranged in transverse rows. 
Chrysalis .—The chrysalis is strongly concave on the dorsal side, 
with the head greatly produced as a long, pointed, conical projec¬ 
tion; the wing-cases are compressed and 
form a very wide, keel-shaped projection 
on the ventral side. This peculiar forma¬ 
tion of the wing-cases reaches its greatest 
development in this genus. 
The butterflies of this genus are mainly 
tropical. Four or five species, however, 
are found in the warmer parts of the United 
States, and one of them ranges north as far 
as northern New Jersey, and has been occa¬ 
sionally taken even in northern Illinois. 
(i) Catopsilia eubule, Linnaeus, Plate 
XXXIII, Fig. 2, $ ; Fig. 3, $, under side; 
Plate II, Figs. 2, 4, larva; Plate V, Figs. 60- 
62, chrysalis (The Cloudless Sulphur). 
Butterfly .— This splendid and vigorous 
butterfly is found from New England and Wisconsin to Patagonia, 
being very abundant in the tropics, where it congregates in great 
swarms upon moist places by the side of streams. It haunts in 
great numbers the orange-groves of the South, and is very fond 
of flowers. It is rare on the northern limits of its range, though 
quite common on the coast of New Jersey. Expanse, 2.50 inches. 
The caterpillar feeds on leguminous plants, but especially upon the 
different species of Cassia. 
(2) Catopsilia philea, Linnaeus, Plate XXXIII, Fig. 4, S (The 
Red-barred Sulphur). 
Butterfly .—This is another noble species of this fine genus, 
which includes some of the showiest insects of the subfamily. 
It may be readily recognized by the bar of deep orange crossing the 
cell of the primaries, and by the orange tint on the outer margin 
of the hind wings. Expanse, 3.00-3.50 inches. 
Early Stages .—But little is as yet known of these. The larva 
feeds on the same kinds of plants as the larva of C. eubule. It occurs 
in Texas, and is said to have also been found in Illinois as a strag¬ 
gler. It is abundant in Mexico, Central America, and southward. 
286 
Fig. 144.—Neuration of 
the genus Catopsilia. 
