The Life-History and Anatomy of Moths 
of the legs. It will be well for the student to thoroughly famil¬ 
iarize himself with the location and names of the different parts 
indicated in this and the following figure. 
3* a 1 
i. Fore Leg. 
2. Middle Leg. 3. Hind Leg. 
c. 
Coxa. 
11. Ungues. 
t. 
Trochanter. 
p. Pul villus. 
/. 
Femur. 
sp. 1. Single anterior spur. 
t. 
Tibia. 
sp. 2. Paired medial spurs. 
tar. 
Tarsus. 
sp. 3. Two pairs of posterior spurs. 
The structure of the wings of moths is essentially like that of 
butterflies, and consists of a framework of hollow tubes which 
support a double membrane which bears upon its surfaces the 
scales, which overlap each other like the tiles upon the roof of a 
house. The tubes, which are known as veins, communicate with 
the respiratory system and are highly pneumatic. They are also 
connected with the circulatory system, and are furnished, at least 
through their basal portions, with nerves. 
The fore wing has normally twelve veins. The hind wing 
has also in primitive forms, as the Hepialidce , twelve veins, but 
in the vast majority of cases this number has been reduced, and 
eight veins is the number which is found in the majority of cases 
in the hind wing. The accompanying figures, with their expla¬ 
nations, will suffice far better than any mere verbal explanation 
to explain the structure of the wings of moths. (See Figures 
12 and 13.) 
The relative position of vein five in relation to the median or 
subcostal systems has been much utilized in recent years by 
systematists in their classification of the various groups. 
15 
