Geometridae 
eggs are hatched, the larvae begin to feed upon the young leaves, 
and they mature very quickly, the rate of their development being 
marked by a correspond¬ 
ing devastation of the 
plants upon which they 
have established them¬ 
selves. Pupation takes 
place at the end of May 
or in the beginning of 
June. The caterpillar bur¬ 
rows into the loose soil 
about the roots of the 
bushes, or simply crawls 
under loose leaves, and, 
without spinning a co¬ 
coon, undergoes transfor¬ 
mation into a chrysalis, 
which is smooth and of a 
shining mahogany color. 
In this state the insects 
remain for about two 
weeks, when they emerge 
as moths, and the cycle 
of life is repeated. 
The most effectual method of combating the larvae is to 
sprinkle the bushes with powdered white hellebore. This is a 
good remedy, not only for the species we are considering, but for 
several other insects which are likely to occur upon the plants at 
the same time. 
(2) Cymatophora inceptaria Walker, Plate XLIII, Fig. 46, $ . 
Syn. argillacearia Packard; modestaria Hulst. 
A native of the Appalachian subregion. 
(3) Cymatophora successaria Walker, Plate XLIII, Fig. 
48, ?. 
Syn. perarcuata, Walker. 
Form coortaria Hulst, Plate XLIII, Fig. 49, $ . 
A widely distributed species, which is not at all uncommon in 
the Middle Atlantic States. 
(4) Cymatophora tenebrosata Hulst, Plate XLIII, Fig. 50, $ . 
34 1 
Fig. 204.—Gooseberry Span-worm, a , b , larvae; 
c , pupa. (After Riley.) 
