FAMILY PYRALID/E 
“ All multiplicity rushes to be resolved into unity. Anatomy, osteology, ex¬ 
hibit arrested or progressive ascent in each kind; the lower pointing to the higher 
forms, the higher to the highest, from the fluid in an elastic sack, from radiate, 
mollusk, articulate, vertebrate, up to man; as if the whole animal world were only 
a Hunterian Museum to exhibit the genesis of mankind.”— Emerson. 
The Pyralidce constitute an enormous complex of subfamilies, 
genera, and species. They are found in all the temperate and 
tropical parts of the world, but are more numerous in hot lands 
than in the colder portions of the globe. Nearly eight hundred 
species belonging to this family are already known to occur 
within the United States and Canada, and the region will 
undoubtedly yet yield many new species to science. We cannot 
in these pages undertake to give even an outline of the genera 
and the species, but we have selected a few for illustration in 
order that the student, encountering these interesting insects, 
may be able to at least recognize their relative position in the 
great suborder with which this book deals. 
The moths of this family are described as follows by Sir 
George F. Hampson in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society 
of London for 1898, page 590: “Proboscis and maxillary palpi 
usually well developed; frenulum present. Fore wing with vein 
1 a usually free, sometimes forming a fork with 1 b; 1 c absent; 5 
from near lower angle of cell; 8, 9 almost always stalked. Hind 
wing with veins 1 a, b, c present; 5 almost always from near 
lower angle of cell; 8 approximated to 7 or anastomosing with it 
beyond the cell. 
Larva elongate, with five pairs of prolegs. Pupa with seg¬ 
ments 9--11 and sometimes also 8 and 12 movable, not protruding 
from cocoon on emergence.” 
The Pyralidce have been divided into a number of subfamilies. 
Of the subfamilies represented in our fauna, we shall in the fol¬ 
lowing pages give illustrations of a few species which are com- 
39i 
