Pyralidae 
upon freshly grown and sapid food, it is transformed into a pupa, 
from which the moth presently emerges. The moth closely 
resembles the next species, but the student, by the study of its 
habits and of the case, which is always straight, and not crooked, 
as is that of the following species, may at once discriminate it. 
(2) Mineola indigenella Zeller. (The Rascal Leaf-crumpler.) 
Syn. nebulo Walsh; zelatella Hulst. 
This moth is common in 
the Valley of the Mississippi 
and in Ontario, but does not 
appear to be very common in 
the Eastern States, and is un¬ 
known in the extreme south¬ 
ern portions of our region. 
It is very common in western 
Pennsylvania. 
Professor C. V. Riley de¬ 
scribes its habits as follows: 
“It is one of those insects 
which is hardly noticed while 
it is carrying on its most de¬ 
structive work; for it is most 
voracious during the leafy 
months of May and June, 
and is then more or less hid¬ 
den by the foliage of the tree, 
which it so effectually helps to denude. 
Fig. 228.— M. indigenella. a, case; b , 
case wrapped in debris of leaves; c, head 
of larva; d, moth, enlarged. (After Riley.) 
But the nakedness of 
winter, though it does not reveal the surreptitious worm, lays 
bare and renders conspicuous its little house, and these houses— 
these larval cases—whether closely attached in clusters to the 
twigs as in Figure 228, b, or hidden in a few seared and silk-sewn 
leaves as at Figure 229, are unerring tokens of past injury to the 
tree, and symbols of increased injury in the future, unless re¬ 
moved. The bunches of leaves anchored to the tree by strong- 
silken cables and breasting defiantly every winter’s wind are, 
indeed, significant insignia upon which is written in characters, 
if not in words—‘result of careless culture and unpardonable 
neglect.’ 
There is but one brood a year, and the larva, about one-third 
409 
