CONTENTS 



Foreword v 



Preface vii 



A. Note on Symbols and Nomenclature, F. G. Donnan . 1 



B. Mathematical Note, J. Rice 5 



1 . The Method of Variations Used for Determining the 



Conditions under Which a Function of Several 



Variables Has a Maximum or Minimum Value. . 5 



2. Curvature of Surfaces 10 



3. Quadric Surface 15 



C. Papers I and II as Illustrated by Gibbs' Lectures 



on Thermodynamics (Gibbs I, pp. 1-54), E. B. 



Wilson 19 



I. Introduction 19 



II. OutUne of Gibbs' Lectures on Thermodynamics 19 



III. Further Notes on Gibbs' Lectures. Photographs of 



Models of the Thermodynamic Surface 50 



D. The General Thermodynamic System of Gibbs 



(Gibbs I, pp. 55-144 ; 4 19-424) ,J.A.V. Butler 61 



I. Introduction 61 



1. General Thermodynamic Considerations 61 



II. The Criteria of EquiHbrium and Stabihty 70 



2. The Criteria 70 



3. Equivalence of the Two Criteria 71 



4. Interpretation of the Conditions 72 



5. Sufficiency of the Criteria of Equilibrium 74 



6. Necessity of the Criteria of EquiUbrium 78 



III. Definition and Properties of Fundamental Equations ... 79 



7. The Quantities ^, ^, x 79 



8. Differentials of e, \p and f 86 



IV. The Conditions of Equilibrium between Initially Existent 



Parts of a Heterogeneous System 92 



9. General Remarks 92 



10. Conditions of Equilibrium When the Component 



Substances Are Independent of Each Other .... 92 



11. Conditions of Equilibrium When Some Compon- 



ents Can Be Formed out of Others 96 



12. Effect of a Diaphragm (Equilibrium of Osmotic 



Forces) 102 



^l:7S73 



