xvi CONTENTS 



20. Membrane Equilibrium of Ideal Ionic Solutions . . 203 



21. Membrane Equilibrium of Non-ideal Ionic Solu- 



tions 205 



22. Contact Equilibrium 206 



23. Purely Chemical Cell 206 



24. Electrochemical Cells 208 



F. The Quantities i^, x and f, and the Criteria of 



Equilibrium (Gibbs I, pp. 89-92), E. A, Milne 213 



1. Stability Tests 213 



2. The Work Function 214 



3. The Free Energy Function 216 



4. The Heat Function 220 



5. Physical Properties of the Thermodynamic Func- 



tions \i', r, X 223 



6. The Heat Function at Constant Pressure 223 



7. The Heat Function in General 224 



8. The Work Function i/- at Constant Temperature . . 226 



9. The Free Energj^ Function f at Constant Tem- 



perature and Constant Pressure 227 



10. Further Illustration 229 



G. The Phase Rule and Heterogeneous Equilibrium 



(Gibbs I, pp. 96-100), G. W. Morey 233 



I. Introduction 233 



11. Equation [97] and the Phase Rule 233 



1. Equation [97] 233 



2. Derivation of the Phase Rule 234 



III. Application of Equation [97] to Systems of One Com- 



ponent 236 



3. The Pressure-Temperature Curve of Water 236 



IV. Application of Equation [97] to Systems of Two Com- 



ponents 241 



4. Application of the Phase Rule to a System in 



Which No Compounds Are Formed. H2O- 



KNO3 241 



5. AppUcation of Equation [97] to a System in Which 



No Compounds Are Formed. H2O-KNO3 242 



6. The EquiUbrium, KNO3 + Solution + Vapor. ... 243 



7. The Maximum Pressure of the Equilibrium, KNO3 



+ Solution + Vapor 246 



8. The Maximum Temperature of the Equilibrium, 



KNO3 + Solution + Vapor 247 



9. The Second BoiUng Point 248 



10. The Equilibrium, Ice + Solution + Vapor 249 



11. The Equilibria, Ice + KNO3 -h Vapor, and Ice + 



KNO3 + Solution 250 



