178 



COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI 



fundamentally belonging in Aspergillaceae are placed in Isaria until their 

 natural position has been determined on the basis of their perithecia. 

 These imperfect forms attain the highest development in the 

 tropical genus Penicilliopsis of which two representatives, the Javan P. 

 clavariaeformis (Solms-Laubach, 1886) and the Brazilian P. brasiliensis 

 have been carefully investigated. If P. clavariaeformis is allowed to grow 

 on a synthetic substrate, many undifferentiated hyphae after two days 

 begin to cut off a long chain of hyaline oval conidia (Fig. Ill, 1). 

 In this respect they seem entirely like the conidial hyphae of Monascus. 

 Later there appear on the mycelia true conidiophores (Fig. Ill, 3) 

 whose form is intermediate between Penicillium and Aspergillus and is 



Fig. 112. — Penicilliopsis clavariaeformis. Coremia on fruita of Diospyros macrophylla. 



reminiscent of Citromyces caeruleus and C. purpurescens. Their myce- 

 lium is an intense yellow. Later they collect into massive, plecten- 

 chymatous, antler-like coremia whose peripheral hyphae radiate 

 perpendicularly to the outer surfaces and again degenerate to short 

 stipitate conidiophores. They often swell capitately to a greater 

 degree than is shown in Fig. Ill, 3 for the free conidiophores and then 

 seem deceptively like Aspergillus. The appearance of these coremia 

 on the natural substrate (Diospyros macrophylla) is shown in Fig. 112; 

 in artificial culture they may grow to 20 cm. In P. brasiliensis they 

 are verticillately branched and generally reminiscent of Araucaria. 

 Conidia of the Aspergillus-Penicillium group are spherical or ovoid, 

 smooth, rough or echinulate, hyaline or slightly colored. It is their 



