EUASCOMYCETES 



191 



Along with this development of the ascogenous hyphae, there takes 

 place in the Plectascales a gradual development of fructification which in 

 the highest hypogaeous forms rises to the level of Glaziella, Tuberales and 

 Hysterangiaceae. 



If one attempts to divide the Plectascales from this point of view, one 

 arrives at a scheme such as is represented below. It is obvious that 

 the groups in this scheme may be disproportionately evaluated. Thus 

 from Amauroascus, through Gymnoascus, Aphanoascus and Aspergillus, 

 there is a gradual transition toward Penicillium, while on the other hand, 

 Tkielavia and Monascus form sharply defined types and hence are often 

 regarded as representatives of separate families. Similarly the four 

 highest families of the Plectascales may be regarded as natural. 



PLECTASCALES 



TRICHOCOMACEAE 



Triehoeoma 



TERFEZIACEAE? 



Terfezia 



ELAPHOMYCETACEAE 



Mesophellia 

 Elaphomyces 



ONYGENACEAE 



Onygena 



ASPERGILLACEAE 



Penicilliopsis Magnusia 



Penicillium f 



Thielavia Aspergillus Monascus 



Aphanoascus 



t 

 GYMNOASCACEAE 



Ctenomyces 

 Gymnoascus 

 Amauroascus 



Diagram XX. 



As may be observed in the scheme at the close of the book (p. 618), 

 there may be derived not less than five orders entirely or partly hypo- 

 thetically from Plectascales-like types, of which the present known 

 genera form only a small remainder. If one imagines the ascogenous 

 hyphae short, so that the asci are joined into a tuft, one obtains the 

 Perisporiales from the Thielavia-like forms. If one imagines that at 

 maturity the perithecium is opened by an ostiole, one proceeds from the 

 simpler Gymnoascaceae and Aspergillaceae to the simpler saprophytic 

 Hypocreales and Sphaeriales. If one imagines that the mycelial mat 

 develops stromatically in the Gymnoascus and A phanoasc ws-like forms, 

 and that the hyphal covers are intertwined to a plectenchyma not only 

 around the sexual organs, but throughout the whole extent, one comes 

 to the Myriangiales and Pezizales. 



