320 



COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI 



which the formation of bacilliform cells on the mycelium is no longer 

 indefinite but limited to the tips of the conidiophores; these arise only 

 when the mycelium has attained a large expanse and by their general 

 rich branching give rise to coremial formation (Fig. 210, 8). In nature 

 these coremial formations have proceeded further to large, irregular, 

 folded conidial layers of the color and consistency of apothecia, whose 

 surface is occupied with conidiophores such as the mycelium produces. 



Cyttariaceae. — This monotypic family forms a special type of the 

 stromatic Pezizales. Cyttaria is parasitic on species of Nothofagas in the 



Fig. 21 1. — Cyttaria Gunnii. a, twig of A r othofagus Cunninghami with fungus galls; b, group 

 of stromata; c, section of a single stroma, (a X Ml after Berkeley.) 



southern hemisphere and stimulates them to abnormal woody growths. 

 These knobby stromata, in some species brightly colored, generally 

 break out in groups (Fig. 211, 6); they gelify at maturity and are used 

 by the natives for food. Numerous apothecia arise over the entire 

 stroma under the cover layer (Fig. 211, c), and are only liberated at 

 maturity by gelification of this tissue. In C. Darwini, the pycnia are 

 found on the stipe in young fructifications, in C. Harioti sparsely 

 scattered on the lower side, and in C. Hookeri on the apical portion 

 (E. Fischer, 1888). 



All these stromatic Pezizales, despite their varied forms and unknown 

 ontogeny form a special side line of the order. In the next groups, with- 

 out stroma or epithecium, we deal with portions of the order which have 

 been very much investigated cytologically. We will discuss two para- 



