386 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI 



circinans. In an undescribed hermaphrodite genus from the old world 

 tropics, a similar general habit occurs, the sub-spherical receptacle pene- 

 trating the host by means of rhizoids and forming perithecia and simple 

 antheridia in a somewhat similar manner. 



The development of a compound antheridium may be seen in the 

 dioecious Polyandromyces Coptosotnalis of the Dimorphomyceteae (Fig. 

 260, 1 to 6). In the male, the basal segment divides but once, forming 

 a two-celled receptacle, while the distal segment forms three cells which 

 correspond to the three primary regions of the antheridium; the stalk 

 cell which divides no further, the terminal cell which becomes pointed 

 and forms the efferent region, and the middle cell which separates a single 

 cell above and below, the secondary stalk cell. The middle cell divides 

 and proliferates to form the very numerous antheridial cells whose necks 

 push up through the upper cell which is destroyed and discharge their 

 spermatia into the common cavity formed by the resorption of the cells 

 of the efferent region, leaving only their outer walls. 



In the corresponding female individual (Fig. 260, 10 to 12), the upper 

 cell of the spore remains a simple, two-celled, primary appendage, resting 

 on the uppermost of four cells which are formed by oblique division of 

 the basal cells of the spore. The single perithecium is ordinarily devel- 

 oped from the second cell below. 



In Nycteromyces streblidinus, the antheridia are formed in a series 

 from the basal cell of the spore, while the distal cell remains a two-celled 

 primary appendage (Fig. 260, 7); in the female a solitary perithecium 

 is formed from the upper of the two cells produced by the basal cell 

 (Fig. 260, 8 and 9). 



In Tettigomyces, the antheridium may be clearly differentiated, as 

 in T. Gryllotalpae (Fig 261, 8) and T. africanus (Fig. 261, 1 to 3), with 

 the development of many antheridial cells ; or it may be represented by a 

 small, undifferentiated group of cells at the base of a highly developed, 

 copiously branched and otherwise sterile appendage; while in T. chae- 

 tophilus (Fig. 261, 7) no antheridial cells have been observed. 



In T. africanus (Fig. 261, 3) the antheridia empty through short 

 necks into a central cavity, filled with spermatia, but a definite opening 

 for discharge from the cavity has rarely been seen. Such openings are 

 irregular and seem to be the result of rupture or degeneration rather 

 than a definite pore such as found in Eucantharomyces, Cantharomyces 

 or Haplomyces. Local disorganization, followed by general disintegra- 

 tion of the antheridial cells occurs as development progresses, while 

 in allied species, as T. vulgaris, T. gracilis (Fig. 261, 6) and T. intermedins 

 (Fig. 261, 4 and 5), such degeneration is complete at maturity, and may 

 involve the whole appendage in T. vulgaris (Fig. 261, 9 to 12). The 

 double rows of antheridial cells arise as paired branchlets from marginal 

 cells of a typical appendage, as the result of the activity of a corresponding 



