AGARICALES 



453 



stipe, as sheath or volva (Fig. 293, C, v) and at the upper surface of the 

 pileus, in the form of scales {e.g., the white scales on the reddish pileus 

 of Amanita muscaria (Fig. 293, C, /). 



In this third type, the layer of the ground tissue corresponding to the 

 partial veil undergoes a special development. Whereas generally the 

 longitudinal axis of the lamellae forms an approximately right angle with 

 the stipe axis, so that the partial veil is only contiguous to the stipe at its 

 inner edge (somewhat as Fig. 293 A, b), occasionally in this third type, 

 the two axes form a very sharp angle to each other. Consequently the 

 lamellae run parallel to the stipe and the partial veil (the homologue) 

 coalesces through almost its whole length with the rind of the stipe (Fig. 

 293, B, ar). It does not participate in the elongation of the inner stipe 

 tissue, however, and at the expansion of the pileus, together with some 



Fig. 293. — Diagram of two types of agaric fructifications, 

 cation of second stage. B. Immature fructification of third stage, 

 tion of third stage. {After E. Fischer.) 



A. Immature fructifi- 

 C. Unfolded fructifica- 



portions of the stipe rind, it is loosened from the stipe up to a narrow 

 strip at the place of insertion of the pileus and spreads out with the pileus. 

 Thereafter, it gradually becomes loosed from the edge of the pileus and 

 the edges of the lamellae and hangs from the point of attachment in the 

 form of a conical frill, broadening below (Fig. 293, C, ar). This ring, as 

 its point of attachment lies higher than that of the earlier mentioned one, 

 is called superior annulus, or armilla. Such an armilla is found in many 

 species of Amanita. 



The substance of the fructification is fleshy or fibrous in character, 

 more seldom tough, horny or leathery. In the peripheral layers of tissues, 

 it generally is firm and forms a highly differentiated pellicle. In many 

 species, this pellicle (on the pileus) is separable from the ground tissue 

 by a layer with gelatinized cell walls and is then easily separable or torn 

 into scales. In others, it fuses directly with the substance of the pileus 

 so that the increasing humidity in the fructification penetrates the under- 

 lying cells and often darkens them. These species are called hygrophan- 



