USTILAGINALES 



607 



1895). In Tuburcinia Ranunculi (Urocystis Anemones) on Ranun- 

 culus (Fig. 402, 5 to 9) there are four daughter nuclei, eight in Tubur- 

 cinia Violae. The promycelium of the former divides into a whorl of 

 three to four branches, in the latter into eight, which separate by septa. 

 In case only three branches are formed, the fourth nucleus remains in 

 the promycelium. Each two branches form two short outgrowths which 

 come together in horseshoe-shaped copulation tubes. In individuals 



Fig. 403. — Doassansia Sagittariae. 1. Portion of a germinating spore ball. 2. Germi- 

 nation of smut spore and sprouting of conidia. 3. Sprouting of sporidia in nutrient solu- 

 tion. Doassansia Alismatis. 4. Development of a smut sorus. 5. Germinating spore 

 ball. Doassansia punctiformis. 6 to 8. Germination, copulation and formation of sprout 

 cells. Doassansia deformans. 9, 10. Development of a spore ball. Doassansia Martianof- 

 fiana. 11. Young spore ball. (1 X 100; 2, 4 X 500; 3, 6 to 8 X 245; 5 X 200; 

 9, 10 X 860; 11 X 440; after Setchell, 1892; Dangeard, 1892; Brefeld, 1895; Lutman, 1909; 

 and Rawitscher, 1922.) 



with three branches, the third branch copulates with the promycelium. 

 In this manner there are formed from the four and eight uninucleate 

 sporidia two and four binucleate sporidia (Kniep, 1921; Rawitscher, 

 1922). The binucleate sporidia develop to long, narrow hyphae, where 

 the protoplasm and nuclei migrate toward the tip and are abjointed from 

 time to time at the base; gradually in aqueous cultures, development 

 ceases as a result of inanition. In special nutritive solutions after a few 



