GuilHermond - Atkinson — 66 — Cytoplasm 



cavulation, identical to that observed in animal cells, consists first 

 in a swelling and increase in refractivity of the chondriosomes and 

 then in a transformation into vesicles formed by a watery liquid 

 within a thin, rather refractive layer which is sometimes thicker on 

 one side. Each mitochondrium and each short rod becomes trans- 

 formed into a vesicle, whereas chondrioconts of a certain length 

 form several vesicles on their long axes^ which are ultimately 



separated. These vesicles swell 

 greatly and press against one an- 

 other appearing like an aveolar 

 structure of the cytoplasm. Some- 

 times they burst because of the 

 pressure of the liquid which they 

 enclose. Hypertonic solutions do 

 not modify the form of the chon- 

 driosomes as long as the plas- 

 molyzed cell is alive, but they 

 ■■^^ immediately become vesiculate 

 when death occurs. 



For a long time chondriosomes 

 were considered to be sensitive to 

 high temperatures. Investigations 



of POLICARD, COWDRY, POLICARD 



and Mangenot, carried out on 

 V^ animal cells as well as on plant 

 o^U cells and notably on the Sapro- 



° o o legniaceae, led to the statement 

 4 that a temperature of 45-50°C. 



sufficed to destroy the chon- 

 driosomes almost instantaneously. 

 More recent work by Famin has 

 shown that this opinion is erron- 

 eous. In the Saprolegniaceae the 

 chondriosomes merely become less 

 visible at a temperature of 45-50° 



Fig. 31. — Endomyces Magnusii stained C, beCaUSe of a modification of 



Tn^' ^^^'TJ^^:^^'^:^ Viscosity of the cytoplasm, and at 

 chondriosomes (VM) : 4, stages in vesicu- the Same time they undergo alter- 



lt°e: GJ:'^ipMT'Snu.:s: I ''ZS^. ^tiou I fragmentation into balls, 



then transformation into vesicles. 

 A study of them after fixation shows that their chromaticity has 

 been much diminished but that they persist until the temperature 

 attains the point which produces coagulation of the cytoplasm, 

 i.e., about 58°C. 



The chondriosomes of fungi do not stain with neutral red, 

 cresyl blue, toluidine blue, Nile blue and methylene blue. These 

 dyes accumulate exclusively in the vacuoles. On the contrary. 



'This vesiculation (cavulation) seems clearly to indicate that the chondriosomes are co- 

 acervates. 



