Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore 



helpful in identifying the species for persons who are not familiar 

 with the scientific names. When there is a choice of common 

 names, the one most generally used in our area has been given. 

 Many species are inconspicuous and seldom noticed except by 

 botanists, and so have never been given common names. No 

 effort has been made to coin names for such as these. 



Some idea of the relative frequency of species in our area is 

 given by the use of the terms common, frequent, infrequent, rare, 

 and local. It seems best not to try to assign quantitative meanings 

 to these terms, at least until the distribution of our species has been 

 more closely determined. When a species is listed as "rare," 

 citations of individual collections are usually given. 



Species not native in our area are referred to as either adventive 

 (recently arrived and not established), introduced (intentionally 

 brought in), or naturalized (fully established as part of the local 

 flora). As a rule, species escaped from cultivation have been 

 excluded unless they have become well estabhshed. 



Many of our species are found only in the Piedmont; others are 

 limited to the Coastal Plain, while still others are at home in both 

 provinces. In general, the status of each species in this respect is 

 indicated. 



In many cases, the approximate times of flowering or of maturing 

 fruit are given. Much valuable assistance in this has been obtained 

 from the results of Bayard Long's thorough and protracted observa- 

 tion of flowering and fruiting dates for southern New Jersey, as 

 reported in Witmer Stone's "Plants of Southern New Jersey" 

 (1910). The seasons are essentially the same in that area as in 

 our own. Mr. Long's permission to use these unique data is 

 gratefully acknowledged. 



Acknowledgments. A number of persons have generously 

 given me advice and assistance, for which I wish to express my 

 gratitude. 



Dr. Francis W. Pennell has revised my Scrophulariaceae and 

 some smaller groups; Dr. Edgar T. Wherry has assisted me in 

 Polemoniaceae and Ferns, and Dr. Walter M. Benner has kindly 

 checked my specimens of Lycopus. Mrs. Agnes Chase has helped 

 with some Grasses. Dr. A. V. Smith has given me the benefit of his 

 familiarity with plant localities in the central part of the Peninsula. 

 Mr. Bayard Long has been unfailingly generous of his time and his 

 critical knowledge of our flora. With all of the above persons I 



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