Festuca Festuceae 99 



Nat. of Eu. ; rare in e. U. S. from Mass. to Del. and occasional in the 

 Pacific Coast States. 



9. Bromus Kalmii Gray. Kalm Chess. Map 127. Infrequent on low, 

 open dunes and in marshy and springy places in the lake region. 



Maine to Minn, and S. Dak., southw. to Md. and Iowa. 



10. Bromus mollis L. {Bromus hordeaceus of recent authors.) Soft 

 Chess. Map 128. In 1913 I found this species to be frequent along the 

 roadside near the water works in Michigan City, La Porte County. 



Nat. of Eu.; in e. U. S. from N. S. to N. C, and abundant on the 

 Pacific coast. 



11. Bromus commutatus. Schrad. Hairy Chess. Map 129. This 

 species is now frequent to common throughout the state and is our most 

 common chess. It is found almost everywhere in cultivated and waste 

 grounds and along roadsides and railroads. 



Nat. of Eu. ; now well established in most parts of the U. S. and abun- 

 dant in the Pacific Coast States. 



12. Bromus japonicus Thunb. (Bromus patulus Mertens & Koch of 

 Britton and Brown, Illus. Flora, ed. 2.) Japanese Chess. Map 130. This 

 species is now found throughout the state in habitats similar to those of 

 Bromus commutatus. 



Native of the Old World; now found throughout the United States 

 except the Gulf States. 



3-385. FESTUCA L. Fescue Grass 



[Piper. North American species of Festuca. Contr. U. S. Nation. 

 Herb. 10: 1-42. 1906.] 



Leaves involute, setaceous or capillary, less than 1.5 mm wide; internodes of rachilla 



more or less scabrous. 



Annual; some of the sheaths partly or entirely retrorsely pubescent, rarely all of 



them glabrous; spikelets mostly 5-13-flowered; lemmas more or less scabrous 



all over; stamens 1, generally included at anthesis. 



Lower glumes 3.5-4.5 mm long; awns of lemmas 3.5-7 mm long.. . .1. F. octo flora. 



Lower glumes 2.3-4 mm long; awns of lemmas 1-3 mm long 



la. F. octo flora var. tenella. 



Perennial; sheaths glabrous; spikelets 3-8-fiowered ; lemmas scabrous only toward 

 the apex; stamens 3, generally protruding at anthesis. 

 Culms in loose tufts, decumbent at the usually red, fibrillose base; awn of lemma 



shorter than the body; blades smooth 2. F. rubra. 



Culms erect. 



Lemmas 3-3.8 mm long, awnless; spikelets 5-8 mm long; leaves capillary 



3. F. capillata. 



Lemmas 4-5 mm long, short-awned; spikelets 7-10 mm long; leaves narrow but 



not capillary 4. F. ovina. 



Leaves flat, more than 1.5 mm wide; internodes of rachilla glabrous. 

 Lemmas 5-7 mm long; spikelets 9-25 mm long; panicles nearly erect or slightly 



curved, branches short 5. F. elatior. 



Lemmas 4-4.5 mm long; spikelets mostly 5-7 mm long; panicles usually open and 

 nodding at maturity if of normal size, branches long. 



