304 LlLIACEAE 



Tofieldia 



Mature plants forking at the first or second leaf; leaves perfoliate or sessile; 

 flowers solitary and from the axil of the first leaf above the fork or, if 

 the flowers are 2, the second flower usually in the axil of the leaf above 

 the first flower; flowers yellow or yellowish green, 15-30 mm long; capsules 



3-angled or 3-winged 966. Uvularia, p. 308. 



Mature plants not as above. 

 Flowers axillary; fruit a black or red berry. 



Stems simple, very rarely with axillary branches; widest leaves 1-10 cm 



wide; fruit a black berry 1123. Polygonatum, p. 319. 



Stems much branched, usually 1-2 m. high; the so-called leaves in alternate 



clusters, filiform, about 1 cm long; fruit a 1-seeded red berry 



1113. Asparagus, p. 316. 



Flowers in a terminal panicle or umbel. 

 Leaves linear, not petiolate. 



Stem and inflorescence glabrous. 



Plants with an onionlike odor, their bases a fleshy bulb; inflorescence 

 a terminal umbel, consisting entirely of flowers or sometimes 



partly or wholly of bulblets 1049. Allium, p. 309. 



Plants without the the onionlike odor; flowers in panicles. 



Plants glaucous; panicle sparsely flowered; flowers mostly 8-10 mm 

 long, shorter than their pedicels; sepals with a large, dark 



gland near the base 958. Zigadenus, p. 306. 



Plants not glaucous; panicle many-flowered; flowers mostly 5-7 mm 

 long, longer than their pedicels; sepals lacking the black gland 



near the base 957. Stenanthium, p. 305. 



Stem and especially the inflorescence pubescent; inflorescence paniculate; 



fruit a 3-celled capsule 959. Melanthium, p. 307. 



Leaves not linear, either sessile or petiolate. 



Flowers dark maroon to nearly black; panicles generally 20-50 cm long, 

 basal stem leaves large, narrowed into long, sheathing petioles; 



fruit a capsule 960. Veratrum, p. 307. 



Flowers white; basal stem leaves lacking; fruit a globose, 1- or 2- 

 seeded berry. 

 Stem leaves generally 2, rarely 3, cordate at the base, usually less 

 than 9 cm long, the lower one generally petiolate; perianth of 4 



parts 1119. Maianthemum, p. 318. 



Stem leaves usually more than 3, generally all sessile, usually more 

 than 9 cm long; perianth of 6 parts 1118. Smilacina, p. 317. 



942. TOFIELDIA Huds. 



1. Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. Map 626. Found in wet, marly soil 

 in a few marshes and springy places in the northern counties. Local and, 

 where found, sometimes frequent over the entire area of its habitat. 



Newf. to Minn, and Alaska, southw. to Maine, Ohio, Ind., Oreg\, and in 

 the mts. to N. C. 



950. CHAMAELlRIUM Willd. 



1. Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray. Map 627. I found a single plant 

 in an exposed place on a limestone slope 3 miles north of Milltown, Craw- 

 ford County where it was associated with Comandra Richardsiana and 

 Lithospermum croceum. I found another specimen in a woods about 7 

 miles southwest of Evansville where it was closely associated with Fagus 

 grandifolia, Quercus alba, Cornus Uorida, Sassafras albidum and Phyto- 



