Carpinus 



Betulaceae 



373 



50 



Map 768 



Ostrya virginiana (MillJ K.Koch 



" 50 



Map 769 

 Ostrya virginiana 



f. glandulosa (Spach) Macbr. 



61. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch Family 



Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, without a calyx; pistillate flowers 



with a calyx; nut wingless. 



Small trees; leaves ovate-oblong, lower surface generally with more than 6 pairs of 



prominent veins; nuts 5-7 mm long. 



Bark of tree smooth; trunk more or less grooved; lower large veins of leaves not 



forked; staminate aments in winter enclosed in bud scales; nut exposed, its 



subtending bract more or less irregularly 3-cleft 1884. Carpinus, p. 373. 



Bark of older trees shreddy; trunk not grooved; lower large veins of leaves gen- 

 erally forked; staminate aments in winter naked; nut enclosed in a bladder- 

 like bract 1885. Ostrya, p. 373. 



Shrubs; leaves ovate to nearly orbicular, the lower surface usually with 5 or 6 



pairs of prominent veins; nuts 10-15 mm long 1886. Corylus, p. 374. 



Staminate flowers 3-6 in the axil of each bract, with a calyx; pistillate flowers without 

 a calyx; nut winged. 

 Winter buds sessile; stamens 2; fruiting bract deciduous at the end of the season 



when the nut escapes 1887. Bbtula, p. 374. 



Winter buds stalked; stamens 4; fruiting bracts woody and persisting after the nuts 

 escape 1888. Alnus, p. 377. 



1884. CARPINUS [Tourn.] L. 



1. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. var. virginiana (Marsh.) Fern. (Rhodora 

 37:425. 1935.) (Carpinus caroliniana of Indiana authors.) Blue Beech. 

 Map 767. Often called water beech. Frequent to common throughout 

 the state in moist woodland. It prefers a moist, rich soil but has a 

 range of habitats in the state from the tamarack bog to the dry, black and 

 white oak slope. It is tolerant of shade. Having no commercial value, 

 it is regarded by foresters as a weed tree. 



N. S. to Ont. and Minn., southw. to uplands of N. C. and Ark. 



1885. OSTRYA [Micheli] Scop. 



1. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch. HOP-HORNBEAM. Map 768. In 

 Indiana this tree is generally called ironwood. The species or its form 

 is frequent to common in most parts of the state, although it is extremely 



