Quercus Fagaceae 387 



and in several other counties in the northwestern part of the state. Since 

 several authentic collections have been made in southern Michigan, it is 

 believed to grow in most of our counties. 



In southern Indiana it is found in well-drained bottom land along streams 

 and on the slopes of flood plain terraces. In the general area of the 

 Wisconsin glaciations it is not found along water courses but mostly in 

 swampy areas on the general levels, especially in soil of the Crosby and 

 Brookston series. 



This oak, together with its variety, the Schneck oak, and the red oak, 

 are often found growing together. They look similar and thus are often 

 confused but can easily be separated by studying the leaves, buds, and 

 fruit. 



The leaves of red oak are dull dark green above, cut less than halfway 

 to the midrib, 7-11-lobed, sinuses wide at the top, and the axils of the 

 under surface have no tufts of hairs. The cup is saucer-shaped and flat 

 on the bottom. 



The leaves of the Schneck and Shumard oaks are lustrous above, cut 

 more than halfway to the midrib, 5-7-lobed, the lobes slightly converging 

 at the top, with tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins beneath. These 

 two oaks differ, however, in the shape of the cups of the fruit. The 

 cup of the Shumard oak is gray and flat on the bottom while that of the 

 Schneck oak is rounded and deeper and the scales tinged reddish brown. 



The terminal buds of the Shumard and Schneck oaks are generally gray- 

 ish, somewhat compressed and acute at the apex while those of the red 

 oak are generally blunt at the apex, smaller, shiny, and reddish brown. 



The bark of the red oak has the furrows continuous, the plates wide 

 and gray while the bark of the Schneck and Shumard oaks is dark and the 

 furrows broken. 



Atlantic States from s. Pa. to Fla., following the Gulf States to Tex. 

 and up the Mississippi Valley to Iowa, s. Mich., and Ind. 



14a. Quercus Shumardii var. Schneckii (Britt.) Sarg. (Quercus texana 

 Buckl. in part and Quercus Schneckii Britt.) Schneck Red Oak. 



This variety differs from the type in its deep cup which is strongly 

 convex on the bottom. The nuts are usually smaller than those of the 

 type or those of the red oak. The variety in its characteristic form is 

 easily separated from the type but there are intermediate forms in Indiana 

 that can be called either the species or the variety. If this fact is kept 

 in mind, controversies over determinations of this group may be avoided. 



Southern Ala., La. to Tex., northw. in the Mississippi Valley to Wells 

 County, Ind. 



15. Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill. Jack Oak. Map 794. The distribu- 

 tion of this species in Indiana is not known. It is very difficult to identify 

 in the field unless one is familiar with it because it is easily confused with 

 the scarlet and black oaks. I have specimens from the type tree, from a 

 tree in Lagrange County, and from one in White County. In 1938 R. M. 

 Kriebel made a study of its distribution in Indiana and found it through- 



