Hydrastis 



Ranunculaceae 



455 



b 5o 



Map 935 



Caltha palustris L. 



Leaves not all radical. 



Sepals and petals present; flowers yellow or white, and if white, the plants 



aquatic 2546. Ranunculus, p. 465. 



Sepals present, petals absent; flowers white or greenish white. 



Cauline leaves alternate, palmately lobed or ternately decompound. 



Leaves palmately lobed; flowers corymbose. .2545. Trautvetteria, p. 465. 

 Leaves ternately decompound with crenately lobed leaflets; flowers small, 



numerous, in panicles, dioecious or polygamous; achenes 5-ribbed 



2548. Thalictrum, p. 473. 



Cauline leaves opposite or whorled; flowers few; sepals large, showy. 



Achenes not ribbed; leaves palmately incised, lobed, parted or divided 



2541. Anemone, p. 460. 



Achenes ribbed; leaves ternately decompound, those of the stem sessile, in 

 a whorl near the summit 2541 A. Anemonella, p. 461. 



2522. HYDRASTIS Ellis 



1. Hydrastis canadensis L. GOLDENSEAL. Map 934. Infrequent to com- 

 mon in rich, moist woods throughout the state although there are no 

 records or specimens from 5 of the northwestern counties. I once found 

 it growing in a tamarack bog. From the earliest times it has been much 

 used in medicine and now commands a high price. The root of this 

 species and ginseng have always been valuable and for this reason they 

 are almost extinct. I believe that goldenseal is now more rare than ginseng. 

 Its scarcity and high price have resulted in its being cultivated. 



Western N. E. to Minn., southw. to Ga., Mo., and Kans. 



2524. CALTHA [Rupp.] L. Marsh Marigold 

 1. Caltha palustris L. Marsh Marigold. Map 935. Found in springy 

 places about lakes, along streams and ditches, infrequent in swamps and 

 ponds in woodland, and in the outlets of springs. It requires fresh water 

 which is more or less circulating. It is frequent in the lake area, becoming 

 less frequent to very local southward. 



The leaves, both basal and cauline, vary much in the width of the 

 basal sinus and in the margins. Some have a very wide sinus while others 



