Viola Violaceae 683 



of sepals not so white as those of the preceding species; cleistog- 

 amous flowers on short spreading peduncles, their capsules 



green or dark purple; plants usually of moist habitats 



6. V. papilionacea. 



Spurred petal villous; vernal leaves ovate, blunt or attenuate at the 

 apex; flowers on peduncles shorter than the leaves, sometimes as 

 long as or longer than the leaves, violet, with a white eye; cleistog- 

 amous flowers on ascending peduncles, their capsules purplish; 



plants of moist or wet habitats 7. V. affinis. 



Plants more or less pubescent. 



Leaves pubescent above and beneath, not purplish beneath, not ap- 

 pressed to the ground; petioles pubescent, at least on the upper 



part 8. V. sororia. 



Leaves pubescent above, otherwise glabrous; leaves mostly appressed 



to the ground, purplish beneath 9. V. hirsutula. 



Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, at least some of them more or less 

 dentate or cut at the base, the vernal ones generally less than 2.5 cm broad 

 except in V. viarum. 

 Spurred petal glabrous; vernal leaves broadly deltoid, mostly more than 2.5 



cm broad; plant glabrous. (See excluded species no. 460, p. 1075.) 



V. viarum. 



Spurred petal bearded. 



Leaves lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so or sometimes pubescent, the basal 

 lobes generally prominently toothed or incised; blades usually shorter 



than their petioles 10. V. sagittata. 



Leaves ovate-oblong, pubescent, the basal lobes entire or only slightly but 



sharply toothed ; blades shorter than or as long as their petioles 



10a. V. sagittata var. ovata. 



Rootstocks slender, rarely wanting, 2-4 mm in diameter near the summit, 1-1.5 

 mm farther back; flowers white with purplish veins. 

 Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering at the base into the margined 



petioles; plants glabrous 11. V. lanceolata. 



Leaves ovate to oblong, slightly cordate, rounded, or tapering at the base; 



plants glabrous or pubescent 12. V. primuli folia. 



Leaves deeply cordate at the base. 



Leaves glabrous above and beneath; upper petals broadly ovate; peduncles 

 usually much longer than the leaves; beard of lateral petals absent or 



rudimentary 13. V. pattens. 



Leaves more or less pubescent on one or both surfaces; peduncles usually 



shorter than the leaves or a few longer. 



Leaves slightly fleshy, spreading, the base markedly heart-shaped with 



short lobes closely approximate, the margins scalloped evenly, surface 



not rugose, but with scattered hairs above; petioles and peduncles 



purplish; upper petals narrow; capsules usually roundish-ovate, 



purplish, mottled or blotched 14. V. blanda. 



Leaves not spreading, thin, with a scattered pubescence on both surfaces, 



and on petioles and peduncles. (See excluded species no. 454, p. 1075.) 



V. incognita. 



Leaves not spreading, thin, with a scattered pubescence above, often only 

 a few hairs on the lobes, glabrous beneath; the peduncles and petioles 

 glabrous; lateral petals bearded, upper pair obovate; seed smooth, 



brown, 2 mm long; capsule elliptic 15. V. incognita var. Forbesii. 



Plants with leafy stems. 



Styles enlarged at the summit; spur short (2-4 mm long) or none. 



Styles bearded at the summit; stipules entire or nearly so; flowers yellow or 

 white within with a yellowish base and pale violet without. 



