684 Violaceae Viola 



Flowers yellow; stipules ovate to lanceolate, usually not scarious; capsules 

 9-14 mm long. 

 Plants branched at the base, nearly glabrous; root leaves 1-3; margins of 

 stem leaves usually with 25-30 teeth; stipules narrowly ovate. 



Capsules more or less woolly 16. V. eriocarpa. 



Capsules glabrous 16a. V. eriocarpa f. leiocarpa. 



Plants usually not branched at the base, densely pubescent; root leaves 

 usually wanting; margins of stem leaves usually with 30-45 teeth; 

 stipules broadly ovate. 



Capsules woolly 17. V. pubescens. 



Capsules glabrous 17a. V. pubescens var. Peckii. 



Flowers white within with a yellowish base, pale violet without; stipules 



sharply linear-lanceolate, scarious; capsules 4-6 mm long 



18. V. canadensis. 



Styles globose at the summit, hollow; stipules large and leaflike, laciniate at the base. 



Upper leaves and middle lobe of stipules entire or nearly so 



19. V. Kitaibeliana var. Rafinesqnii. 



Upper leaves and middle lobe of stipules plainly crenate. 

 Petals large, 2 or 3 times as long as the sepals; petals yellow on unfolding, 

 at first the upper ones, then the lateral ones, and finally the spur becoming 



blue or purple violet as far as the yellow throat 20. V. tricolor. 



Petals usually shorter than the sepals; petals roundish and usually entirely 



yellow 21. V. arvensis. 



Styles not enlarged at the summit; spur long (4-12 mm long); stipules bristle- 

 toothed; flowers violet to white. 

 Spurs 4-8 mm long; lateral petals bearded; style bent and bearded at the tip; 

 auricles of sepals about 2 mm long. 

 Flowers white or cream colored; sepals more or less fimbriate (rarely entire) ; 



stipules 1.5-2.5 cm long, toothed throughout 22. V. striata. 



Flowers violet or purple; sepals entire; stipules 1-3 cm long, toothed toward 



the base 23. V. conspersa. 



Spurs 8-13 mm long; lateral petals beardless; styles straight and smooth; flowers 

 purplish, spotted with a darker violet 24. V. rostrata. 



Key to the Species Based on Cleistogamous Flowers and Fruit 



Plant stemless; leaves and scapes from rootstocks or runners. 



Cleistogamous flowers wanting 1- V. pedata. 



Cleistogamous flowers present. 



Rootstock stout, (2.5) 3-10 mm in diameter, short; without stolons or runners. 

 Cleistogamous flowers on prostrate peduncles, their capsules mostly purplish, 

 sometimes green; leaves cordate, the margins crenate, lobed, or cut. 

 Leaves truncate at the base, all, or all except the earliest, 5-11-lobed or 

 -parted, the segments variously toothed or cleft, the middle one usually 

 the widest; plants pubescent; seed brown, about 2 mm long. (See ex- 

 cluded species no. 456, p. 1075.) V. pahnata. 



Leaves cordate at the base, at least some of them 3-lobed or -parted, the 

 segments large and usually more or less lobed or deeply toothed, or the 

 middle one entire; plants pubescent; seed buff or brown, about 2 mm 

 l on g 3. V. triloba. 



Leaves cordate at the base, none cut. 



Capsules 6-8 mm long; seed light brown, about 2 mm long; leaves ap- 



pressed to the ground, purplish beneath, pubescent above, otherwise 



glabrous 9. V. hirsutula. 



Capsules 10-16 mm long; seed light buff or dark brown, about 2 mm long; 



leaves not appressed to the ground, not purplish beneath, glabrous to 



pubescent. 



