Viola Violaceae 685 



Leaves ovate-deltoid, attenuate to apex; seed bright buff; plants glabrous. 



5. V. missouriensis. 



Leaves broader, usually acute or abruptly pointed ; seed dark brown. 



Plant glabrous or some part more or less pubescent. .6. V. papilionacea. 



Plant pubescent 7. V. sororia. 



Cleistogamous flowers on ascending peduncles, rarely nearly erect, their cap- 

 sules 4-7 mm long, purplish; sepals much shorter than the capsules, their 

 auricles 0.5-2 mm long; seed about 1.7 mm long, light buff; leaves cordate, 



uncut 7 - v - aft™*- 



Cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles, their capsules green or yellow. 

 Leaves ovate to reniform, cordate, glabrous, uniformly and inconspicuously 

 crenate, acute; cleistogamous capsules oblong, 10-15 mm long, their 

 sepals nearly as long as the capsules, often ciliolate at the apex, auricles 



2-4 mm long; seed black, about 1.4 mm long 4. V. cucullata. 



Leaves lobed (at least some of them) or the margins sharply incised or 

 toothed toward the subcordate or truncate base. 

 Blades of mature leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, glabrous or finely 

 pubescent. 

 Leaves lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so, the basal lobes generally promi- 

 nently toothed or incised; blades usually shorter than their petioles. 



10. V. sagittata. 



Leaves ovate-oblong, finely pubescent, the basal lobes entire or slightly 



but sharply toothed; blades usually as long as their petioles 



10a. V. sagittata var. ovata. 



Blades of mature leaves 3-parted or -divided, each segment divided into 

 linear segments; leaves of late summer not so deeply divided and the 

 segments not so deeply cut; cleistogamous flowers yellowish, their 

 peduncles commonly shorter than the petioles; seed about 2 mm long. 



2. V. pedatifida. 



Rootstocks slender, rarely wanting, 2-4 mm in diameter at the summit, 1-1.5 mm 

 in diameter farther back, often rather long and creeping. 

 Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, tapering at the base into the margined 



petioles; plants glabrous; seed dark brown 11. V. lanceolata. 



Leaves ovate to oblong, slightly cordate, rounded, or tapering at the base; 

 plants glabrous or pubescent; cleistogamous capsules green; seed reddish 



brown, about 1.5 mm long 12. V. primulifolia. 



Leaves deeply cordate at the base. 



Blades of leaves glabrous above and beneath ; cleistogamous capsules ellipsoid- 



cylindric; seed almost black, about 1 mm long 13. V. pallens. 



Blades more or less pubescent on one or both surfaces. 



Leaves slightly fleshy, spreading, with scattered hairs above; petioles and 

 peduncles purplish; seed black, short-ovate, minutely rugose, acute at 



the base, 1.2-1.6 mm long 14. V. blanda. 



Leaves not spreading, thin, with a scattered pubescence above and beneath 

 and on the petioles and peduncles; seed long-elliptic, smooth, blunt 

 at the base, 1.6-1.9 mm long. (See excluded species no. 454, p. 1075.) ... 



V. incognita. 



Leaves not spreading, thin, with a scattered pubescence above, often only 

 * a few hairs on the lobes, glabrous beneath ; peduncles and petioles 

 glabrous; seed as in the typical species.. .15. V. incognita var. Forbesii. 

 Plants with leafy stems. 



Stipules not leaflike, either entire or nearly so or bristle-toothed. 



Stipules scarious, entire or ciliolate; capsules generally puberulent, 4-6 mm long; 



seed about 2 mm long, brown 18. V. canadensis. 



Stipules green, sometimes the margin slightly scarious, entire, more or less cilio- 

 late or with a few crenate teeth but never bristle-toothed. 

 Plants branched at the base, nearly glabrous; root leaves 1-3; margins of the 

 stem leaves usually with 25-30 teeth; stipules narrow-ovate. 



