SCROPHULARIACEAE 833 



Calyx 2-bracteolate, the bracts longer than the calyx lobes; sterile 



filaments stout, short or almost lacking 7542. Gratiola, p. 843. 



Calyx not bracteolate; sterile filaments slender, 2-lobed 



7562. Lindernia, p. 844. 



Leaves alternate. 



Basal leaves present at flowering time, large, on long petioles, the blades 

 usually cordate at the base and 5-15 cm long; stem leaves sessile and 



much reduced, usually 1-2.5 cm long 7583 A. Besseya, p. 850. 



Basal and stem leaves not as above 7579. Veronica, p. 845. 



Fertile stamens 4. 



Trees (introduced) 7513 _ Paul0W nia, p. 842. 



Herbs. 



Leaves alternate. 



Leaves sessile, 3-5-lobed or cleft, 2-6 cm long 7631. Castilleja, p. 856. 



Leaves, all but the uppermost, petiolate, pinnately parted, 6-10 cm long. 



7648. Pedicularis, p. 857. 



Leaves mostly opposite. 



Flowers all axillary. 



Leaves obovate or orbicular, entire; plants aquatic or of muddy shores. 



7548. Hydranthelium, p. 844. 



Leaves not entire; plants not aquatic. 



Leaves serrate, 4-10 cm long 7524. Mimulus, p. 842. 



Leaves pinnately parted into 3-7 linear segments, 1-2 cm long 



7545. Leucospora, p. 844. 



Flowers not all axillary, at least some or all in terminal spikes, racemes 

 or panicles. 



Leaves and bracts entire, linear, sessile 7604. Gerardia, p. 850. 



Leaves not as in the preceding. 



Plants mostly 1.5-5 dm high; lower leaves petiolate, smaller than the 



upper cauline ones; flowers not more than 15 mm long, whitish, 



half blue or purplish, never yellow. 



Lower leaves petiolate, upper ones much larger, sessile or clasping; 



flowers in the upper axils and in a terminal cluster, the lower 



1; P bhj e 7503. Collinsia, p. 836. 



Lower and upper leaves short-petiolate; flowers in terminal spikes, 



subtended by large, foliaceous bracts 



7635. Melampyrum, p. 857. 



Plants usually more than 5 dm high, if shorter, the lower leaves 

 sessile and similar to the upper cauline ones. 

 Blades of leaves regularly serrate (rarely laciniate toward the base), 

 or nearly entire with a few short teeth or with 1 or 2 long 

 auricles at the base; flowers never yellow. 

 Flowers sessile in terminal and axillary spikes. 



Tall, glabrous or partly pubescent plants; flowers usually more 



than 20 mm long 7507. Chelone, p. 838. 



Low, hispid or scabrous plants; flowers mostly less than 10 mm 

 long. 



Flowers leafy-bracted, about 2.5 cm long; capsules about 10 



mm long 7604A. Tomanthera, p. 853. 



Flowers minutely bracted, about 1.5 cm long; capsules about 



8 mm long 7622. Buchnera, p. 856. 



Flowers pedicellate in terminal panicles, thyrses, cymes or racemes. 

 Cauline leaves on petioles 1-8 cm long, of an ovate type; flowers 



maroon color 7505. Scrophularia, p. 837. 



Cauline leaves sessile or clasping, of a lanceolate type; flowers 

 mostly purplish or white 7508. Penstemon, p. 839. 



