880 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum 



1. Sambucus canadensis L. American Elder. Elderberry. Map 1931. 

 Fruit, when mature, a purple black. In moist soil throughout the state. 

 It is found in wet, open woodland, about lakes, and along streams and 

 fences. 



The leaves and leaflets of this species are variable. Rarely some of 

 the leaves are bipinnate at the base. The pubescence of the lower surface 

 of the leaflets varies from slightly pubescent to densely soft-pubescent 

 (var. submollis Render). The densely pubescent form is more or less fre- 

 quent throughout the state. The pubescence often varies much on the 

 same plant and it is of no advantage to divide our plants on this basis 

 since all intermediate forms can be found. 



N. S. to Man., southw. to Fla., Kans., and Ariz. 



la. Sambucus canadensis f. chlorocarpa Rehd. This form is dis- 

 tinguished from the typical form by its greenish yellow fruit. The only 

 record of this form is that of a colony which I found along the roadside 

 about a half mile northwest of Helmer, Steuben County. I found it in a 

 colony of the typical form. I have had it under cultivation since 1923, and 

 new plants from its seed have the characteristic greenish yellow fruit. 



2. Sambucus pubens Michx. (Sambucus racemosa L. of Gray, Man., ed. 

 7 and of Britton and Brown, Illus. Flora, ed. 2.) Scarlet Elder. Map 

 1932. This species is restricted to the lake area where it is generally found 

 in moist woods, in swamps where it is frequently associated with black 

 ash, and rarely on dry ground where I found it associated with beech and 

 sugar maple. 



Newf. to B. C, southw. to Pa., Iowa, Colo., and Calif. ; also in the mts. 

 to Ga. 



2a. Sambucus pubens f. calva Fern. (Rhodora 35: 310. 1933.) This 

 is a form with glabrous leaves and branchlets. I have a specimen from 

 Noble County. 



"Occasional through the range of the species." 



2b. Sambucus pubens f. xanthocarpa (Cockerell) Fern. (Sambucus 

 pubens var. xanthocarpa Nieuwl.) This is a yellow fruited form found 

 west of South Bend, St. Joseph County, by Nieuwland. 



8516. VIBURNUM [Tourn.] L. Viburnum 



Leaves 3-lobed, rarely one or more pairs not lobed. 



Branchlets glabrous; petioles glabrous, with 2 glands near the base of the leaf 



blade; fruit red 1. V. trilobum. 



Branchlets pubescent; petioles pubescent, glandless; fruit black.... 2. V. acerifolium. 

 Leaves not lobed. 



Leaves without stipules, finely serrate or more or less crenulate-dentate, glabrous 

 above and beneath (no. 6 usually having some rusty tomentum on the veins, 

 midrib, and petiole); petioles flat and more or less margined; stones flat, with- 

 out grooves on the sides (except in no. 3). 

 Blades more or less crenulate-dentate, some more or less entire or only the upper 



half crenulate; cymes on peduncles 1-2 cm long 3. V. cassinoides. 



Blades finely and sharply serrate; cymes sessile or on short peduncles, these rarely 

 2 cm long. 



