PHALLACEAE 11 



Spores (of No. 5113) smooth, elliptic, 2-3 x 4-7/i. Wall of the very hollow stem 

 about 2-3 mm. thick and composed of one or two layers of small thin-walled chambers 

 which are irregularly isodiametrical below and change gradually to radially elongated 

 and definitely to a single layer in the slime-bearing part. Walls of the chambers of 

 the stalk 90-95/1 thick, with only 3-4 layers of cells; of the spore-bearing part 55-75/1 

 thick with 3-4 layers of cells. 



The plants usually appear singly in woods or groves. 



Illustrations: Hard. Mushrooms, pi. 56 and fig. 453. 

 James. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 15: pi. 86. 1888. 

 Lloyd. Syn. Known Phalloids, fig. 24 (as M. elegans). 

 Lloyd. Myc. Notes No. 28: fig. 182 (as M. elegans). 

 Morgan. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: pi. 3 (as M. bovinus). 1889. 



2421. In wood mold, Battle's Park, July 24, 1916. Spores smooth, elliptic, 2-2.8 x 4-7/i. 

 51 13. In rotting leaves, May 16, 1922. 



Asheville. Beardslee. 



Blowing Rock. Seen by the authors. 



ITHYPHALLUS Fr. 



Volva and stalk as in Mutinns, but the spore slime is borne on the outside of a thin, 

 pendent, campanulate membrane or cap which is free from the stem except at the tip. 

 Between this cap and the stalk above and between the volva and the stalk below another 

 delicate, white membrane or veil is obvious (at least in /. Ravenelii). 



We are following Fischer and Atkinson in placing in this genus Phallus Ravenelii, 

 P. impudicus, and P. rubicundus. Atkinson has shown that the membranous veil 

 of this genus is not homologous with the veil-like indusium of Dictyophora. 



For literature see under the family and species. 



Ithyphallus Ravenelii (B. & C.) E. Fischer 

 Dictyophora Ravenelii (B. & C.) Burt. 



Plates 7-9 and 105 



Stalks usually 10-16 cm. high, tapering gradually upward or nearly equal, about 

 1.7-2.5 cm. thick, springing from an ovate egg or volva, which is pinkish, tough, thick, 

 wrinkled below and connected with the earth and with other eggs by purplish pink 

 strands or roots which grow out from the base. The eggs are large and just before 

 rupturing may reach a height of 5 cm. and a thickness of 3.5 cm. The cap or pileus is 

 conical and is attached around the raised white ring which terminates the stem. The 

 upper part of the membranous veil is concealed beneath the cap while the lower half 

 remains in the volva around the base of the stem. At times parts or rings of the veil 

 may be torn loose in expanding and cling to the stalk so as to be visible beneath the cap. 

 Surface of the cap minutely granular, not veined or honeycombed, covered at first by 

 the dark, bad-smelling slime of the deliquescent gleba. 



Spores (of No. 41a) smooth, elliptic, 1.2-1.8 x 3.7-4.4/1. 



This interesting species is generally found growing in soil containing rotten wood 

 such as old wood piles and rotting trash piles and often appears in large numbers from 

 one colony. For discussion of sclerotia in this species, see Overholts, Mycologia 17: 

 109, pi. 11, figs. 5, 6. 1925. 



