70 THE GASTEROMYCETES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 



are probably binucleate, that there is a nuclear fusion followed by two divisions in the 

 basidium, one going into each of the spores and there dividing, so that the mature spores 

 are binucleate. 



A genus of numerous species of small plants that grow on earth or rotten wood, or 

 rarely on moss or the bark of living trees. Unless found in large groups, which often 

 happens with L. pyriforme, the plants are too small to be of much value as food. In 

 addition to the species treated, L. muscorum, which Hollos thinks is the same as L. 

 pseudoradicans Lloyd, should be found here in dense moss beds, as Lloyd's plant has 

 been collected in Virginia. In a group by itself is the very remarkable Lycoperdon 

 sculptum found by Harkness in the mountains of California. It is covered with massive 

 pyramidal warts up to 4 cm. broad and 3 cm. high (see Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3 : 160, 

 pi. 1. 1885). 



Literature 



Bambeke. De la valeur de l'epispore pour determination et Ie groupement des especes du genre Ly- 

 coperdon. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 22: 1. 1906. 



Bonorden. Die Gattungen Bovista, Lycoperdon u. ihr Bau. Bot. Zeit. IS: 593, 609, 625. 1857. 



Cunningham. Development of Lycoperdon depressum. New Zealand Journ. Sci. and Tech. 8: 228, 

 figs. 1-7. 1926. 



Cunningham. Lycoperdaceae of New Zealand. Trans. N. Z. Inst. 57: 187. 1926. 



Cunningham. The Genus Lycoperdon. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 51 : 627. 1926. 



Hollos. I.e., p. 90. 



Lloyd. The Genus Lycoperdon in Europe. Myc. Notes No. 19. 1905. 



Lloyd. The Lycoperdons of the United States. Myc. Notes No. 20. 1905. 



Massee. Monograph of the Genus Lycoperdon. Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc, p. 701, pis. 12, 13. 1887. 



Massee. 1. c, p. 66. 



Morgan. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 14: 5. 1891. 



Peck. New York Species of Lycoperdon. Rept. N. Y. St. Mus. 32: 58. 1879. 



Peck. United States Species of Lycoperdon. Trans. Albany Inst. 9: 285. 1879. 



Petri. Flora Italica Cryptogama (Gasterales), Fasc. 5, p. 34. 1909. 



Rabinowitsch. Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Fruchtkorper einiger Gastromyceten. 

 Flora 79: 385, pis. 10 and 11. 1894. 



Trelease. Morels and Puffballs of Madison, Wis. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 7: 105. 

 1888. 



Tulasne, L. R. and Ch. De la Fructification des Scleroderma comparee a celle des Lycoperdon et des 

 Bovista. Ann. Sci. Nat., 2nd. ser., 17: 5, pis. 1, 2. 1842. 



Key to the Species 



Mature spore-mass with a purplish tint (grayish purple or purplish brown) 



Cortex composed of very slender hairlike spicules among granules L. atropiirpnreum (p. 71) 



Cortex composed of very long spines convergent in groups at their apices 



Spines pale at maturity and, on falling off leaving the inner peridium smooth and unreticulated 



L. pulcherrimum (p. 72) 

 Spines dark brown at maturity and, on falling off leaving the peridium reticulated with minute 



granules L. echinatum (p. 73) 



Cortex a smooth, continuous layer which breaks up into very thin scales . . . .L. rimulatum (p. 75) 

 Cortex thick with spongy patches on a granular membrane which peels off at maturity 



L. subvelatum (p. 76) 

 Cortex a scurfy or granular, persistent coat, at times mixed with very fine spines 



L. umbrinum (p. 76) 

 Mature spore-mass olive-brown 



Growing on the bark of living trees or rarely on logs; plant very small L. acuminatum (p. 78) 



