LYCOPERDACEAE 73 



olivaceous to dark purple-brown; subgleba occupying about one-third or slightly more 

 of the plant. Odor when maturing distinctly aromatic, somewhat like that of L. 

 marginatum, but not nearly so offensive. 



Spores (of No. 477) with a large oil drop and no obvious stalk, globose, set with 

 short blunt spines. 4-4.8/1 thick, not counting the spines, average about 5/x with spines. 

 Capillitium much branched, long and tapering, the lesser branches about the size of the 

 spores, the main branches up to 8.6/u in diameter in places. 



This is a beautiful species and notable for its very long white spines. While hardly 

 rare, we never find it in abundance, and often only a single specimen at a time. For a 

 comparison with L. cch'niatum see that species. 



Illustrations: Hard. Mushrooms, figs. 463 and 464. 

 Hollos. 1. c, pi. 17, figs. 15-17. 

 Lloyd. Myc. Notes No. 20: pi. 55. 1905. 

 Lloyd. Photogravure of Am. Fungi, No. 19. 

 Morgan. Joum. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 14: pi. 1, fig. 3. 



477. At edge of woods, October 2, 1912. 



979. Under cedars in woods, October 21, 1913. Spores covered with blunt, colorless spines which are 



less than 1m long, 3. 7-5. 5m thick, omitting spines. 

 1683. On soil under white oak tree, September 14, 1915. 



7560. On campus under a tree, Oct. 8, 1924. Spores minutely but distinctly warted, 4-5m, usually 

 without a pedicel. Capillitium threads irregular, frequently branched, pitted, about 4m thick. 



Asheville. Beardslee. 



Maryland. Agric. College. James, coll. (U. S. Nat'l. Herb.). 

 Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. (Schw. Herb., No. 2259, as L. echinalum.) 

 Vermont. Brattleboro. Frost, coll. (N. Y. B. G. Herb., as L. Frostii). 

 Ohio. Morgan, coll. (N. Y. B. G. Herb., as L. Froslii). 

 Illinois. Urbana. McDougall, coll. (U. N. C. Herb.). 

 Kansas. Stockton. Bartholomew, coll. (N. Y. B. G. Herb.). 



Lycoperdon echinatum Pers. 

 L. constellatum Fr. 



Plates 45 and 112 



Plants about 2.5-4 cm. broad not counting the spines, usually flattened, the base 

 pinched to a slender root; cortex of long (2-5 mm.) fascicled spines, with the tapering 

 points approximated; when young creamy white, in age deep brown and falling off, 

 leaving the shining, light or dark brown inner peridium reticulated with minute scurfy 

 particles. Gleba purplish brown to dull brown; subgleba small, with very small 

 chambers, brown to golden. Odor in drying like that of old ham. 



Spores (of No. 7421) spherical, distinctly and rather regularly warted, with hyaline 

 material between the warts, 4.8-6/*, often with long pedicels attached but these are 

 usually broken off. Capillitium threads up to 7/t thick, rarely or rather frequently 

 branched, set with rather numerous knobs, pitted, slightly sinuous and irregular. 



The species seems to be confined to deciduous woods and is apparently rare in this 

 section. It was not reported from North Carolina by Schweinitz or Curtis. In 

 addition to our Chapel Hill plants, we have examined plants from Asheville, N. C, 

 and from Wisconsin, and plants from Scarboro, England (New York Botanical Garden), 



