LYCOPERDACEAE 105 



Hants small, the base pinched to a point; ccspitosc or gregarious in numbers from a 

 conspicuous, superficial white mycelium which binds together the twigs and 

 leaves of the substratum ; outer surface strongly tomentose to strigose, at 

 least when young 



Plants not saccate; spore sac and fleshy layer blackish C. Lloydii (p. 123) 



Hants saccate; spore sac and fleshy layer not blackish 



Spores 3.-M/J C. mirabilis (p. 116) 



Spores 3-3.6/1 C. trichifer (p. 1 18) 



Rays hygroscopic 



Plants of medium size; outer pcridium clean of dirt even in the button 



G. mammosus (p. 1 19) 



Plants small, covered with sand all over at first G. arcnarius (p. 120) 



Mouth area not distinct, at least without a definite boundary (at times the color is paler or darker, 

 and a depressed zone may be present in G. floriforms); button quite submerged; outer 

 surface covered with flocculent mycelium holding trash or sand; plants saccate or fornicate 

 or intermediate 

 Rays not hygroscopic 



Spore sac asperate with stiff hairs G. Hicronymi (p. 123) 



Spore sac not asperate 



Outer peridium with center elevated to expose the spore sac, which is short-stalked or 

 sessile 



Mycelial (outer) layer adhering to the center and rays G. rufescens (p. 121) 



Mycelial layer remaining in the ground and forming a hollow cup with the 

 strongly reflexed rays attached to its margin (fornicate) 



G. fornicates (p. 124) 

 Outer peridium saccate and enclosing the sessile spore sac like a bowl 



G. fimbriates (p. 125) 

 Rays hygroscopic 



Surface of spore sac spongy See Astraeus (p. 185) 



Surface of spore sac not spongy 



Spores about 3.5-4.5/1 A form of G. arenarius (p. 121) 



Spores about 5-7/i G. fioriformis (p. 127) 



Mouth area very distinct, silky and outlined by a narrow groove; buttons quite submerged until 

 dehiscence, and the outer layer covered with earth or trash; expanded plants concave 

 below and often truly fornicate; spore sac with a slender stalk and covered when fresh 

 with minute, glistening particles; rays not hygroscopic 

 Plants of small to medium size, growing on the ground or on humus; spores dark brown 



G. coronates (p. 129) 

 Plants small to very small, growing on mossy trunks of living trees; spores very pale 



G. leptospcrmus (p. 131) 

 Peristome truly sulcate with regularly arranged ridges and grooves composing the peristome; all U. S. 

 American species (at least) with buttons submerged until dehiscence 

 Not hygroscopic, the rays bent backward, the base concave below; spore sac stalked or sessile 

 Peristome not black 



Plants of medium size, stalk long, lower part of spore sac often striate radially; spores 



about 4.2-5.5/1 G. pectinatus (p. 132) 



As above but spore sac not striate and having a flaring collar pendent around its lower 



side G. Bryantii (p. 133) 



Plants small; stalk short; spores about 3.7-1.4/1 G. Schmidclii (p. 134) 



Peristome black or nearly so; spore sac sessile C. Hariotii (p. 135) 



Hygroscopic, the rays bent inward (typically) when dry, spreading when wet 



Spore sac covered with rather coarse, wart-like particles, short-stalked G. asper (p. 135) 



Spore sac minutely furfuraceous, smooth in age, sessile 



G. umbilkates, sense of Morgan (p. 136) 

 Spore sac minutely spiny to pulverulent-granular, sessile G. Drummondii (p. 137) 



