TYI.OSTOMATACEAE 151 



Tylostoma mammosum l'r. 



T. peJunculdtiun (L.) Schroeter 

 T. brumalc Pers. 



Plates 83 and 119 



Spore sac 0.6-1 cm. thick, tan to buff or slightly darker; outer peridium thin, 

 wearing away gradually, leaving the inner peridium quite smooth or with persistent 

 particles except around the base where an adherent ring remains. Mouth cylindrical, 

 elevated, smooth, with a sharp edge, concolorous or often distinctly darker. Stem 

 1-2 cm. long, slender, brown, superficially spongy to slightly scaly, wearing away slowly 

 to expose the paler layer beneath; basal mat small. 



Spores (of plant from North Dakota) spherical, very faintly warted, 3.8-4.5 x 

 4-5. 5m- Capillitium threads somewhat irregular, occasionally branched and septate, 

 up to Sju thick. 



Lloyd thinks that the typical European form of this species does not occur in 

 America, but we find plants with dark mouths and exactly the microscopic characters 

 of the European plant. They differ from T. simulans and T. floridanum in the darker 

 mouth area and much smoother spores. We have examined a typical specimen of 

 T. mammosum from Europe with a dark mouth area (A. Vill, Fungi bavarici, No. 926) 

 and find that it agrees almost perfectly with the American plant: the spores are almost 

 smooth, 4-5. 5ji thick, and the capillitium threads agree. Another plant like it 

 (Schlesien; Dresler, coll., as T. brumale) at the New York Botanical Garden has similar 

 spores. 



Illustrations: Batsch. Elench. Fung. 2: pi. 29, fig. 167 (as Lye. pedunculalum). 

 Gillet. Champ. Fr. (Gasteromycetes) pi. 7. 

 Greville. Scott. Crypt. Fl. 6: pi. 340 (as T. brumale). 1828. 

 Hollos. 1. c, pi. 11, figs. 18-20; pi. 12, fig. 1. 

 Lloyd. Myc. Works, pi. 78, figs. 5-8. 

 Morgan. Joum. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist. 12: pi. 16, fig. 1. 

 Xees von Esenbeck. Syst. Pilze Schw., pi. 12, fig. 130. 

 Sorokine. Rev. Myc. 1890, pi. 98, fig. 346; pi. 103, fig. 366. 

 Sowerby. Engl. Fungi, pi. 406 (as Lye. pedunculatum). 



North Dakota. Brenckle, coll. (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb, and U. N. C. Herb.). Mouth dark and spore 



sac quite smooth and clean over most of its surface. 

 Wisconsin. Eagle Heights. (Univ. Wis. Herb, and U. N. C. Herb.) Spores spherical to oval, 



minutely warted and ridged, 4-5.5 x 4.5-6^. 

 Kansas. Rooks Co. Bartholomew, coll. (N. Y. B. G. Herb.). 



Tylostoma simulans Lloyd 



Plates 84, 85 and 119 



Spore case subglobose, 0.7-1.8 cm. thick, reddish brown when fresh, but so covered 

 with sand and earth as to obscure the color ; over this sandy coat is a delicate flocculent 

 coat of clean white wool which persists only in places as the plant emerges from the 

 ground and is soon shed. The sandy cortex is persistent for a long time and slowly 

 wears away above and even more slowly below to expose the brown or whitish inner 

 peridium which opens by a single, small, apical mouth with a smooth edge, at the top 

 of a little tubular elevation which in a few of our plants is surrounded by a slightly 

 darker area. 



