188 THE GASTEROMYCETES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 



not the felted reticulations of the inner peridium, as stated by Lloyd. The spores of 

 this specimen are roughened, 7.4-10/j thick. Lycoperdon recolligens Woodward (Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. 2: 58. 1794) seems to include both the present species and Geaster mam- 

 mosits. He refers to Schmidel's plates 27 and 28 which are of A. hygrometricus. 



Illustrations: Destrie. Cited on p. 104, pi. 10, fig. B. 

 Hard. Mushrooms, fig. 483. 

 Hollos. 1. c, pi. 10, figs. 26-29. 

 Marshall. Mushroom Book, pi. opposite p. 130. 

 Michael. Fiihrer f. PiMreunde 2: No. 204. 1918 (2nd ed.). 

 Micheli. Nova Plant. Gen, pi. 100, fig. 6. 



Morgan. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 12: pi. 2, figs. 8-11; Amer. Nat. 18: fig. 12. 

 Nees von Esenbeck. Syst. Pilze Schw., pi. 12, fig. 127. 

 Petri. Flora Ital. Crypt. (Gasterales), Fasc. 5: figs. 80-82. 1909. 

 Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 3: pi. 17. 1912. 

 Schmidel. Icon. Plant., pis. 27 and 28, figs. 19-31. 1793. 

 Vittadini. Monog. Lycoperd., pi. 1, fig. 8. 1842. 



73. Mixed woods with cedars, Oct. 11, 1911. 

 673, 685. Old collections (Chapel Hill). No data. 

 7237. Underground in open, sandy field, Jan. 14, 1923. 

 7441. Sandy soil in woods, July 19, 1924. 



Smith Island. Sandy soil, April 1918. Couch and Grant, colls. (U. N. C. Herb., No. 3007). 



Spores 7.7-9.3/*. 

 Blowing Rock. Coker and party, Aug. 1922. Nos. 5786 and 5823. 

 Pink Bed Valley. Murrill and House, No. 400. July 1908. (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.). 



South Carolina. Ravenel. Fung. Car. Exs. No. 75. (Philadelphia Academy.) 



North Island. Coker and party, colls. (U. N. C. Herb.). Plentiful among the sand dunes. 

 Florida. Alachua Co. Couch, coll. (U. N. C. Herb., No. 7301). 



CALOSTOMA Desv. 



Young fruit bodies formed just beneath the surface and basally attached; at 

 maturity pushed by the elongation of the very peculiar stalk which is composed of a 

 large number of anastomosing, firmly gelatinous strands woven together to make a 

 spongy, more or less cylindrical column. Before elongation the entire plant is enclosed 

 in a gelatinous layer called the volva by Burnap which at maturity becomes so watery 

 as to fall away, exposing the spore-bearing head. This is subspherical and is composed 

 of the outer peridium, the inner peridium, and the spore sac. The former is composed 

 of two layers, an outer thicker one which is much like the stalk in structure and in 

 most species becomes strongly or moderately gelatinized, and a thinner, denser inner 

 layer which does not gelatinize. This exoperidium breaks into pieces after the plant 

 emerges and falls off completely or in part, exposing the thin, dense, tough, and, when 

 dry, hard and horny inner peridium which remains inflated and is very permanent. 

 On the top of the inner peridium are elevated folds, like a puckered mouth, arranged in 

 a more or less radiating way into several lobes which open down their centers by narrow 

 slits leading into the spore sac within. This chamber is formed from the thin, soft and 

 papery innermost layer of the inner peridium which is at first in contact with the 

 next outer layer, but which soon begins to dry and contract away from the adjoining 

 layer except above, and gradually getting smaller while hanging pendent within the 

 firmer outer case it forces the dry spores and fragmentary remains of the accompanying 

 fibers out of the slits for dispersal. The gleba when young has a lobulated appearance 

 and is composed of solid masses of fertile hyphae with the basidia borne irregularly 



