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I. PETRIFACTIONS are the parent.-, and not the offspring of 

 Calcareous mountains ; lince all calx originates from animals. 



The bodies fubjed to petrifaction are fdlid, as fliells, bones, and 

 wuods. 



Succulent bodieis deliqtiefce and cortupt^ before ftony bodies can 

 harden. 



They occur in every part of the globe wherever calx is found ; and 

 are found in the higheft mountains of Peru. 



The materials producing petrifaction are various. 



Calx by its calcifying power changes other bodies into a calcareous 

 fubftance; e, gr* Schilt into Marble; It. fVgoth, Silex is 

 coilnate with Calx^ and in like manner exhibits petrifadtions. 



Vitriols by ferrumination conglutinate and penetrate : the Tophus 

 marinus and fome others frequently contain (hells. 



Schift from foil or fand often prefents the veftiges oi impreflfed 

 fubftances before its coalefcence. 



Amber is not with propriety brought under this head, fince it mere- 

 ly contains and preferves front corruption, bodies formerly in- 

 clofed within its refin. 



The modes of petrifadion are, 



By tranlubftantiation^ where the whole material is preferved in its 

 original form. 



By redintegration^ where the original fubftance is worn away by 

 age, and the cavity filled up by a lapidefcent material which pre- 

 ferves its ancient form: Hyfteroliih. 



By itnpreffion, where the petrifying body receives and retains the 

 figure of fubftances imprefled upon it. 



By incruftation^ after the manner of Stala£tite, from calcareous 

 water, particularly that of warm fprings: but thefe will hardly 

 come under the denomination of petrifactions, fince the fame 

 things may be eifedled at pleafure by art or the injeClion of bodies, 



Foffils, generally fo called, are (hells or bones deprived of their 

 gluten by age: teftaceous ftibilances, lithophytes, woods. 



