SPHAERIACEAE 



65 



b. Stroma superficial, carbonous to soft-leathery 

 or sometimes almost fleshy 



(1) Stroma effuse, pulvinate, globoid or cupu- 



late, without sterile base or stalk 



(a) Stroma effuse 



X. Perithecia with long necks; spores with- 

 out mucous sheath; lignicole 



y. Perithecia without necks; spores with 

 mucous sheatli; fimicole 



(b) Stroma globoid, pulvinate or cupulate, 



sometimes confluent and crustose 

 X. Stroma concentrically zoned 

 y. Stroma not concentrically zoned 

 (x) Stroma solid 

 m. Perithecia in several series covered 



by a fragmenting peridium 

 n. Perithecia typically in one series, 

 without fragmenting peridium 

 (m) Stroma discoid or cupulate; co- 



nidia below upper layer 

 (n) Stroma pulvinate to hemispheric, 

 often confluent and then crus- 

 tose; conidia superficial 

 (y) Stroma more or less hollow 

 m. Stroma woody-fleshy, hemispheric, 

 hollow, pale, the surface crested- 

 alveolate 

 n. Stroma carbonous, black, somewhat 

 hollow, the surface not crested- 

 alveolate 



(2) Stroma stipitate, terete, cylindric, clavate, 



or fruticose, sometimes capitate, discoid 

 or cupulate above 



(a) Stroma broadened into a disk above; 



spores with mucous sheath 



(b) Stroma not discoid above; spores with- 



out sheath 

 X. Perithecia immersed laterally 

 (x) Stroma clavate or filiform, often 



branched 

 (y) Stromata capitate, forming a crust 

 y. Perithecia immersed vertically 

 (x) Perithecia in a circle below the trun- 

 cate disk 

 (y) Perithecia crowded below an oper- 

 culate disk 



Bolinia 1:352 

 Hypocopra 1:240; 10 



Daldinia 1:393; 11 



Peridoxylum 



Nummularia 1:395; 11 

 Hypoxylum 1:352; 11 



Cerillum 24:650 

 Ustulina 1:350; 11 



Poronia 1:348; 11 



Xylaria 1:309; 11 

 Kretschmaria 9:965 



Camillea 1:346 



Henningsina 16:450 



Hyalodidymae 



1:475, 9:611, 11:295, 14:525, 16:468, 17:635, 22:120, 24:849 



Spores 2-celled, hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid to oblong or fusoid 



A. Perithecia separate or cespitose, rarely subiculoid 

 1. Perithecia innate, or finally erumpent 

 a. Perithecia beaked 



