112 



PEZIZALES 



circularly. In neither case is the line a sharp one, and Rehm is probably correct 

 in stating that the genera will probably be assigned finally to one or the other of 

 these two families (p. 191). However, Hoehnel takes the opposite view, and has 

 transferred a number of genera from the latter especially to Tryblidiaceae (Ann. 

 Myc. 15:321). 



A. Apothecia separate to gregarious 



1. Spores 1-celled, hyaline 



2. Spores 2-celled 



a. Spores with a mucous sheath, hyaline 



b. Spores without a mucous sheath 



(1) Spores hyaline 



(2) Spores dark 



3. Spores x-celled, hyaline 



a. Spores with a mucous sheath 



b. Spores without a mucous sheath 



4. Spores muriform, hyaline, at first with mucous 



sheath 



5. Spores filiform 



a. Apothecia innate, then erumpent 



b. Apothecia superficial, short-stalked; exciple of 



two layers 

 B. Apothecia cespitose or stromate 



1. Spores 1-celled, hyaline 



2. Spores x-celled 



a. Spores hyaline 



b. Spores dark 



Hysteropeziza R 132 



Tryblidiopsis 8:786, R 193; 25 



Heterosphaeria 8:775, R 198; 25 

 Caldesia R 290; 27 



Tryblis R 195 



Odontotrema 8:679, R 204; 25 



Tryblidium R 196; 25 



Odontura R 207 



Asterocalyx 24:1243 



Henriquesia 2:726 



Scleroderris 8:594, R 208; 25 

 Phaeoderris 8:599 



Order 12. PEZIZALES 



Apothecia innate, erumpent, or superficial and then often found on moist soil, 

 typically globoid at first, later opening circularly as a rule to form a discoid, scutel- 

 late, cupuliform or reversed body, frequently with a stalk, leathery, gelatinous, waxy 

 or fleshy, separate to cespitose but rarely stromate; exciple typically distinct, often 

 well-differentiated, infrequently lacking, hypothecium well-developed, often very 

 thick; asci usually cylindric, 8-spored, with a lid or operculum in the fleshy forms as 

 a rule; paraphyses practically universal, filiform, clavate or sometimes branched, 

 often forming an epithecium; spores various, but prevailingly hyaline. 



The extent of this order has been narrowed by the reference of the three lower 

 families to the Phacidiales, on the basis of differences in the manner of opening, 

 as well as in texture and form to some degree. The form of the Helvellaceae 

 appears to be widely divergent, but the development of the apothecium indicates 

 that they are properly included here. Ecologically, the forms without exciple repre- 

 sent a specialized type due to reduction, and these have been grouped in a new 

 order, Agyriales, probably polyphyletic in nature. Boudier, and more recently 

 Seaver, has divided the order into two primary groups, Operculates and Inopercu- 

 lates, but a single character of this kind hardly affords a satisfactory basis for 

 phylogeny. 



The Pezizales have evidently been derived directly from the Phacidiales, and 

 it would seem in response to a gradually increasing supply of water and food. The 

 order terminates blindly in three diverging groups, Geoglosseae, Agyriales and 

 Tuberales, but is thought to have continued its specialization into the Pucciniales 

 from which the Basidiomycetes have sprung. 



