FEZ I Z ALES 



113 



Key to Families 



A. Apothecia not parasitic on algae, without a thal- 

 lus 



1. Apothecia typically innate-erumpent, leathery or 



horny, brown or black 



2. Apothecia typically superficial 



a. Asci disappearing early; spores and paraph- 



yses forming a mazaedium 



b. Asci persistent; mazaedium lacking 



(1) Apothecia gelatinous 



(2) Apothecia not gelatinous 



(a) Apothecia usually dark, carbonous to 



leathery, rarely waxy 



(b) Apothecia usually bright-colored, waxy 



to fleshy 

 X. Apothecia typically waxy, on plants 

 (x) Exciple dark, parenchymic all over 



or at the base; mostly sessile 

 (y) Exciple concolorous, rarely dark, 

 prosenchymic; mostly stalked 

 y. Apothecia typically fleshy, usually ter- 

 ricole, sometimes fimicole 

 (x) Apothecia closed at first, then open, 

 cupulate to discoid, rarely ear- 

 shaped 

 m. Apothecia usually terricole, medium 

 to large; asci mostly cylindric, not 

 exserted 

 n. Apothecia usually fimicole, small; 

 asci broad, exserted from disk at 

 maturity 

 (y) Apothecia open from the first, 

 stalked, saddle-shaped to pileate or 

 clavate, terricole as a rule 

 B. Apothecia parasitic on algae, thallus typically 

 well-developed 



1. Asci disappearing early; disk with a mazaedium 



2. Asci persistent; mazaedium lacking 



a. Thallus cottony, cobwebby or spongy; algae 



yellow-green 



b. Thallus more or less distinctly gelatinous; 



algae blue-green 



c. Thallus firm, layered, neither cottony nor 



gelatinous 



(1) Thallus of two kinds, one horizontal, the 



other erect, i.e. a podetium 



(2) Thallus of one kind only, horizontal or 



erect 



(a) Spores typically 2-celled and biguttulate, 



with a thickened septum, usually tra- 

 versed by a narrow canal 



(b) Spores without thickened septum and 



intersecting canal 



Dermateaceae p. 114 



Caliciaceae p. 119 

 Bulgariaceae p. 115 



Patellariaceae p. 117 



Mollisiaceae p. 133 

 Helotiaceae p. 134 



Pezizaceae p. 137 



Ascobolaceae p. 140 



Helvellaceae p. 139 



Caliciaceae p. 119 



Chrysotrichaceae p. 120 

 Collemaceae p. 121 



Cladoniaceae p. 126 



Physciaceae p. 132 



