PELTIGERACEAE 



123 



2. Apothecia more or less perithecioid; thallus 

 dwarf fruticose 



a. Algal filaments in the middle of the thallus 



and parallel with the long axis of the 

 branches 



b. Algal filaments absent from the middle but 



marginal beneath the cortex 



(1) Algae parallel with the long axis of the 



branches 



(2) Algae perpendicular to the long axis 



(a) Paraphyses present 

 X. Asci 8-spored 



y. Asci many-spored 



(b) Paraphyses lacking 



Lichinodium 162 



Lichina 163 



Lichenyllium 163 

 Lichinella 162 

 Homopsella 163 



Family 48. PELTIGERACEAE 



Zahlbruckner 142, 173, 189 (122, 176, 190) 



Thallus firm, not at all gelatinous, crustose or foliose, more or less lobed and 

 sometimes erect at the margin but never truly fruticose, typically attached to the 

 substratum by rhizoids or by a navel, with a pseudoparenchymic cortex on one or 

 both sides or pseudoparenchymic throughout; apothecia typically sunken in the 

 thallus or grown together with it on the whole lower surface, more or less mar- 

 gined by the thallus, but without a proper exciple. 



, Thallus uniform to crustose; algae Protococcus 

 or Pleurococcus 



1. Spores transeptate, usually 2-3-celled 



a. Paraphyses soon dissolving in slime to form a 



dark epithecium; spores x-celled 



b. Paraphyses persistent 



(1) Paraphyses simple 



(a) Paraphyses free; no algae below hy- 



menium 



(b) Paraphyses united 



X. Algae present below hymenium; apothe- 

 cia without byssoid or coralloid mar- 

 ginal hyphae 



y. Algae not present below hymenium; 

 apothecia with byssoid or coralloid 

 marginal hyphae 



(2) Paraphyses ramose and united 



(a) Spores 2-celled 



(b) Spores x-celled 



X. Hymenium at first enclosed in a mem- 

 brane 

 y. Hymenium without membrane 



2. Spores muriform 



a. Asci 1-spored; hypothecium without algae 

 below 



(1) Paraphyses simple, free 



(2) Paraphyses ramose, united 



(a) Upper surface of thallus with stiff black 

 hairs 



Subfamily Caleniae 

 Phlegmophiale 142 



Asterothyrium 144 



Gonolecania 143 



Byssolecania 142 

 Actinoplaca 143 



Calenia 144 

 Tapellaria 143 



Lopadiopsis 143 

 Tricharia 144 



