PARMELIACEAE 



129 



(x) Paraphyses free 

 (y) Paraphyses united 

 y. Paraphyses ramose, united 

 (b) Spores dark 

 X. Paraphyses simple, free 

 y. Paraphjses ramose, united 

 (x) Apothecia sunken in groups in a 



stroma 

 (y) Apothecia not in a stroma 

 b. Thalline exciple present at first, then more 

 or less completely disappearing 



(1) Algae Trentepohlia 



(a) Asci 1-8-spored 

 X. Spores 2-celled 

 y. Spores x-celled 

 z. Spores muriform 



(b) Asci many-sporcd 

 X. Spores 2-celled 



y. Spores x-celled 



(2) Algae Phyllactidium or Phycopeltis 



(a) Spores 2-celled 



(b) Spores x-cellcd 



B, Thallus typically foliose or fruticose, sometimes 

 small-leaved or scaly; thalline exciple some- 

 times lacking 

 1. Thallus with Pleurococcus, Protococcus, Pal- 

 mella, or Cystococcus 

 a. Asci mostly 8-spored, from 1-32-spored 

 (1) Thallus foliose, horizontal or erect, rarely 

 fruticose, typically dorsiventral 



(a) Thallus with cyphellae or pseudocy- 



phellae, or with clavate cephalodia 

 X. Lower side of thallus with cyphellae or 

 pseudocyphellae 

 (x) Apothecia with thalline exciple 

 m. Spores 2-celled 

 (m) Spores hyaline 

 (n) Spores dark 

 n. Spores x-celled 

 (m) Spores hyaline 

 (n) Spores dark 

 (y) Apothecia with proper exciple only 

 y. Lower side without cyphellae or pseudo- 

 cyphellae; thallus with cephalodia 

 (x) Algae Protococcus 

 (y) Algae Cystococcus 



(b) Thallus typically without cyphellae, etc. 

 X. Asci 1-8-spored 



(x) Thallus with cortex on both surfaces 

 m. Apothecia superficial 

 (m) Lower cortex without rhizoids, 



spongy, with matted hyphae 

 (n) Lower cortex more or less cellu- 

 lar, usually with rhizoids 



Thelotrema 137; 31 

 Phyllobrassia 139 

 Phanotylium 140 



Leptotrema 139 



Tremotylium 139 

 Gyrostomum 139; 31 



Microphiale 145 

 Bryophagus 146 

 Gyalecta 146; 31 



Ramonia 147 

 Pachyphiale 147 



Lecaniopsis 147 

 Semigyalecta 147 



Subfamily Stictae 



Diphanosticta 186 

 Diphaeostica 186 



Phanosticta 186 

 Sticta 185 

 Dysticta 186 



Lobaria 182; 31 

 Cystolobis 185 

 Subfamily Parmeliae 



Anzia 235 



