HELVELLACEAE 



139 



B. Spores elliptic to fusoid 



1. Apothecia sunken, opening by lobes 



2. Apothecia superficial 



a. Apothecia stalked 



(1) Apothecia dark to black 



(a) Stalk long, slender and mealy-rough 



(b) Stalk short, thick, with brown hairs and 



rhizoids 



(2) Apothecia and hairs bright-colored 



b. Apothecia sessile 



(1) Apothecia dark hairy or ciliate 



(a) Apothecia with long cilia at margin 

 X. Paraphyses equal, clavulate, blunt 



y. Paraphyses unequal, pointed, brown 



(b) Apothecia without long cilia at margin 



(2) Apothecia bright hairy or ciliate 



(a) Apothecia with long cilia at margin 



(b) Apothecia without long cilia at margin 



Sepultaria 8:166, R 1075; 35 



Macropodia 8:158, R 984; 34 



Plectania 8:163, R 1070; 35 

 Sarcoscypha 8:153, R 1070; 35 



Scutellinia 8:173, R 1042; 35 

 Desmazierella 8:386, R 1041; 35 

 Pelodiscus 18:35, 16:1147 



Neottiella 8:190, R 1068 

 Leucopezis 24:1198 



Phaeosporae 



Spores 1-celled, dark, elliptic to fusoid 



A. Apothecia stalked, rough-mealy Phaeomacropus 16:740 



B, Apothecia sessile, hairy-ciliate 



Trichaleuris 24:1207 



Family 56. HELVELLACEAE 



Rehm 1134, Schroeter 162 



Ascoma typically terrestrial and stalked, occasionally phytogenous or sessile, 

 saddle-shaped, conical, club-shaped, or capitate, rarely discoid or flat, mostly smooth, 

 fleshy or fleshy-cartilaginous, rarely gelatinous; hypothecium and exciple not indi- 

 cated, the hymenium on the outside of the fruiting body; asci typically cylindric. 

 8-spored, opening by an operculum; paraphyses present, filiform as a rule; spores 

 mostly hyaline. 



The sessile genera represent one line of evolution from the Pezizaceae, while 

 the simpler forms of Helvella are closely related to Macropodia. Morchella repre- 

 sents the highest development in the direction of the reticulate hymenium, and the 

 Geoglossae in that of the clavate fruit-body. 



Subfamily Rhizinae 

 Ascoma sessile, flat, arched or irregularly globose 



A. Spores globose; ascoma inflated Sphaerosoma 8:56, R 1140; 36 



B, Spores elliptic to fusoid; ascoma flat 



1. Ascoma with rhizoids below; spores fusoid, 



pointed Rhizina 8:57, R 1138; 36 



2. Ascoma without rhizoids; spores elliptic, 



rounded at ends Psilopezia 8:152, R 1140 



Subfamily Helvellae 

 Ascoma stalked, cap- or saddle-shaped, or columnar 



A. Ascoma with distinct stalk 



1. Hymenium ridged in both directions, i.e. alveo- 

 late 



Morchella 8:8, R 1200; 36 



