PHALLACEAE 



169 



This order is closely connected with the Agaricales, the Lycoperdaceae prob- 

 ably having been evolved from the Agaricaceae through such genera as Gyro- 

 phragmium, Secotium and Podaxon. The Phallaceae have apparently been derived 

 from some point on this same phylum, while the Hymenogastraceae are thought 

 to represent hypogean forms arising from both families. The Nidulariaceae are 

 most closely related to such types as Pisolithus with peridioles. 



Family 76. PHALLACEAE 



7:2; Fischer 276 



Gleba more or less gelatinous, borne on a receptacle at first enclosed in a 

 volva, the receptacle pileiform and stalked, or more or less clathrate and usually 

 sessile. 



A. Gleba covering outside of receptacle, the latter 



pileiform or stalk-like, sometimes appendaged 



1. Receptacle pileiform; gleba on outer surface of 



pileus 



a. Stalk with an appendage below the pileus 



(1) Appendage long, net-like; volva smooth; 



gleba not becoming lattice-like 



(2) Appendage short, hidden, collar-like; 



volva aculeate; gleba becoming lattice- 

 like 



b. Stalk without appendage 



(1) Upper part of volva remaining on pileus 



and enclosing the gleba 



(2) Upper part of volva not enclosing gleba at 



maturity 



(a) Gleba continuous over apex of pileus 



(b) Gleba interrupted .at apex of pileus, 



more or less reticulate 



2. Receptacle without hanging pileus; gleba borne 



directly on the apex of the stalk-like recep- 

 tacle 



B. Gleba on inside of the hollow receptacle, which 



is clathrate or lobed 

 1. Receptacle hollow and clathrate, or formed of 

 a few vertical branches united at apex 



a. Receptacle stalked 



(1) Gleba dimorphous, apex with sterile 



radiate lamellae, lower part with con- 

 volute subclathrate lobes 



(2) Gleba not dimorphous 



(a) Meshes of the gleba polygonal, in sev- 



eral series 



(b) Meshes of the gleba vertically elongate, 



in a single series 



b. Receptacle sessile or nearly so 

 (1) Walls of the receptacle thick, consisting 



of several layers of chambers 



(a) Walls with wing-like appendages 



(b) Walls without wing-like appendages 



Dictyophora 7:3, F 295; 46 



Echinophallus 16:226, F 295 



Cryptophallus 14:254 



Aporophallus 11:153 

 Phallus 7:8, F 292; 46 



Mutinus 7:12, F 290, 555; 46 



Dictyobole 17:213; 46 



Simblum 7:16, F 284; 46 

 Colus 7:21, F 285; 46 



Blumenavia 11:154, F 283 

 Clathrus 7:18, F 283; 46 



