LYCOPERDACEAE 



171 



B. Peridium without percurrent columella, the lat- 

 ter infrequent and incomplete 

 1. Gleba floccose or at least without distinct sack- 

 like areas 



a. Peridium with distinct inner and outer walls 



(1) Peridium stalked 



(a) Capillitium present 



X. Endoperidium alone persistent; capil- 

 litium not ornamented 

 (x) Peridium opening by an apical pore; 



fixed to stipe 

 (y) Peridium without apical pore, open- 

 ing irregularly; easily separable 

 from stipe 

 y. Two or more peridial layers persisting; 

 capillitium typically ornamented 

 (x) Endoperidium sack-like, fixed at 

 apex of exoperidium, the mouth 

 with bright-colored teeth; stipe 

 not volvate 

 (y) Endoperidium otherwise 

 m. Stipe volvate at base; gleba cam- 



panulate 

 n. Stipe not volvate at base; gleba 

 globose 



(b) Capillitium lacking 



(2) Exoperidium sessile, typically stellate- 



laciniate; endoperidium usually with 

 one, rarely many mouths 



(a) Columella present, short and incom- 



plete; capillitium sparsely branched 



(b) Columella lacking; capillitium much 



branched 



b. Exoperidium a papery, warted or spiny cor- 



tex, usually disappearing more or less com- 

 pletely 



(1) Capillitial threads more or less uniform, 



without larger trunk and smaller 

 branches 



(a) Gleba sterile below, forming a stalk- 



like base 

 X. Peridium with definite apical mouth 

 y. Peridium without definite mouth, open- 

 ing by long slits 



(b) Gleba fertile throughout, stalk-like base 



lacking 

 x. Outer peridium circumscissile; inner 



with basal mouth, becoming inverted 

 y. Outer peridium falling away; inner with 



apical pore or irregular opening 



(2) Capillitial threads with distinct trunk and 



attenuate branches 



(a) Gleba sterile below 



(b) Gleba fertile throughout 



Tylostoma 7:60, F 342; 47 



Queletia 7:65, F 343 



Mitromyces 7:68, F 339; 47 



Battarrea 7:65, F 344 



Sphaericeps 7:60, F 345 

 Battarreopsis 17:223 



Geaster 7:70, F 320; 47 

 Astraeus F 341 



Lycoperdum 7:106, F 316; 47 

 Calvatia 7:105, F 316 



Catastoma 11:165, F 318; 47 

 Clobaria F 318 



Bovistella F 319 



