CONTENTS 



xvii 



SEC. rAi;i-: 



14. The Hypothesis of Modified Action and the Synthesis of Motion . 317 



15. Criticism of the Newtonian Laws of Motion . . . 321 

 Summary and Literature ..... 326 



CHAPTER IX 



LIFE 



1. The Relation of Biology to Physics 



2. Mechanism and Life ..... 



3. Mechanism and Metaphysics in Theories of Heredity 



4. The Definition of Living and Lifeless 



5. Do the Laws of Motion apply to Life? 



6. Life Defined by Secondary Characteristics 



7. The Origin of Life ..... 



8. The Perpetuity of Life, or Biogenesis 



9. The Spontaneous Generation of Life, or Abiogenesis 



10. The Origin of Life in an "ultra-scientific" Cause 



1 1 . On the Relation of the Conceptual Description to the Phenomenal 



World ...... 



12. Natural Selection in the Inorganic World 



13. Natural Selection and the History of Man 



14. Primitive History describable in terms of the Principles of Evolution 



15. Morality and Natural Selection .... 



16. Individualism, Socialism, and Humanism 

 Summary and Literature . . . . . 



328 

 331 



334 

 338 

 341 

 344 

 346 

 347 

 349 

 352 



354 

 356 

 358 

 361 



363 

 366 



370 



CHAPTER X 



EVOLUTION (VARIATION AND SELECTION) 



1. The Need for Definition . 



2. Evolution 



3. Bathmic Evolution 



4. The Factors of Evolution 



5. Types : Individual and Racial 



6. Variation : Continuous and Abnormal 



7. Correlation 



S. The Organism and its Growth 



9. Selection. Discovery of the Fittest 



10. The Unsolved Problems . 

 Summarv and Literature 



372 

 374 

 375 

 377 

 381 

 384 

 392 

 40? 

 405 

 412 

 418 



CHAPTER XI 



EVOLUTION (REPRODUCTION AND INHERIT.\NCE) 

 I. Sexual Selection ..... 



421 



