12 THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE 



to each other, and of the formulae or laws which express 

 scientifically their sequences. It is in this manner that 

 the mind becomes imbued with the scientific method and 

 freed from individual bias in the formation of its judg- 

 ments — one of the conditions, as we have seen, for ideally- 

 good citizenship. This first claim of scientific training, 

 its education in method, is to my mind the most powerful 

 claim it has to state support. I believe more will be 

 achieved by placing instruction in pure science within the 

 reach of all our citizens, than by any number of poly- 

 technics devoting themselves to technical education, which 

 does not rise above the level of manual instruction. 



§ 5 • — TJie Scope of Science 



The reader may perhaps feel that I am laying stress 

 upon metJiod at the expense of material content. Now 

 this is the peculiarity of scientific method, that when once 

 it has become a habit of mind, that mind converts all facts 

 whatsoever into science. The field of science is unlimited; 

 its material is endless, every group of natural phenomena, 

 every phase of social life, every stage of past or present 

 development is material for science. TJie unity of all 

 science consists alone in its metJiod, not in its material. 

 The man who classifies facts of any kind whatever, who 

 sees their mutual relation and describes their sequences, is 

 applying the scientific method and is a man of science. 

 The facts may belong to the past history of mankind, to 

 the social statistics of our great cities, to the atmosphere 

 of the most distant stars, to the digestive organs of a 

 worm, or to the life of a scarcely visible bacillus. It is 

 not the facts themselves which form science, but the 

 method in which they are dealt with. The material of 

 science is coextensive with the whole physical universe, not 

 only that universe as it now exists, but with its past history 

 and the past history of all life therein. When every fact, 

 every present or past phenomenon of that universe, every 

 phase of present or past life therein, has been examined, 

 classified, and co-ordinated with the rest, then the mission 



