Historical Methods 73 



sources du travail bibliographique. Vol. 1, Bibliographies generales has appeared 

 (384 p., Geneve 1950); vol. 2 will list special bibliographies relative to Sciences 

 humaines and to Sciences exactes et techniques. 



There are many other vi'orks answering the general purpose of the books already 

 mentioned, but it would take too long to enumerate them. There are also books 

 of the same kind but of a less general scope. The following three examples may 

 suffice. 



Giuseppe Gabrieli (1872-1943): Manuale di bibliografia musulmana. Parte 

 prima. Bibliografia generale (501 p., Roma 1916; Isis 5, 449-50). Bibliography 

 concerned with Islamic studies. Part 1 was the only part published. 



Louis John Paetow (1880-1928): A guide to the student of medieval history 

 (Berkeley 1917). Revised edition prepared by the Medieval Academy of America 

 (660 p.. New York 1931). 



Gino Loria: Guida alio studio della storia delle matematiche. Generalita, 

 didattica, bibliografia. Appendice: Questioni storiche concernenti le scienze esatte. 

 Seconda edizione rifusa ed aumentata (416 p., Milano 1946; Isis 37, 254). First 

 edition, Milano 1916 (Isis 3, 142). This brings us very close to our own field, the 

 history of science, of which the history of mathematics is an essential part. In the 

 absence of a manual for the special use of the historian of science, Loria's Guida is 

 indispensable to the latter. It is divided into two books plus the four appendices 

 cited in the title: 



Book I: Preparation for research in the history of mathematics. (I) Generalities, historical 

 method. (2) Principal works concerning the history of mathematics. (3) Periodicals and 

 societies. 



Book II: Auxiliary tools, (i) Generalities. (2) MSS, especially oriental. (3) Greek 

 and Roman mathematics. (4) Mathematics of ancient non-European nations. (5) Bibliography 

 and biographical collections relative to modern times. (6) Other biographical sources. (7) 

 Complete works and letters. (8) Catalogues and bibliographies, general and mathematical. 

 (9) Reviews and critics of mathematical writings. (10) Various kinds of historical writings. 



Epilogue: Evolution of mathematical historiography. Appendices: (J) What 

 is the history of science? (2) The history of mathematics as a branch of teaching 

 in universities. (3) Has mathematical teaching developed in a regular way? (4) 

 Unity of mathematics. 



George Sarton: The history of science and the new humanism (New York 

 1931; reprinted with additions, 216 p.. Harvard University, Cambridge 1937); The 

 study of the history of mathematics (114 p.. Harvard University 1936); The study 

 of the history of science (76 p.. Harvard University, 1936). The purpose of these 

 three volumes is largely methodological, but the two last named are followed by 

 select bibliographies. The mathematical bibliography is of course much smaller than 

 Loria's. 



Many nations of Europe and America have encouraged the publication of guides 

 for the study of their national history in all its ramifications. Some of these guides 

 are extremely elaborate and historians of science will be well advised to consult 

 them. If they have to investigate a French item, they should consult Auguste 

 Molinier (1851-1904) and others: Les sources de I'histoire de France des origines 

 jusqu'en 1815 (17 vols., Paris 1901-34); if a German one, Dahlmann-Waitz : 

 Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte. First edition by Friedrich Christoph 

 Dahlmann (1785-1860) (70 p., Gottingen 1830), Srd ed. by Georg Waitz 

 (242 p., Gottingen 1869), 8th ed. by Paul Herre (1310 p., Leipzig 1912; Isis 1, 

 537, 9th ed. by Hermann Haering (1332 p., Leipzig 1931-32). Critical lists of 

 such national bibliographies will be found in Bernheim, Langlois, Paetow, Loria. 



Historical methods can be learned only by personal experience in their use. 

 Books like those of Bernheim and Langlois are useful, however, because they 



