17. HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN SPECIAL COUNTRIES 



Before enumerating books devoted to the history of science in this or that country, 

 we should speak of one national achievement of that kind which assumed interna- 

 tional importance. That is the collection of books written by order and under the 

 auspicies of the Royal Academy of Bavaria. Its general title was: Geschichte der 

 Wissenschaften in Deutschland. Neuere Zeit. Herausgegeben durch die historische 

 Commission bei der konigl. Academic der Wissenschaften, Miinchen. 



As the title indicates, the general purpose, the publication of histories of all the 

 sciences ( "Wissenschaften" in the broadest meaning; science and learning ) , was lim- 

 ited in two ways. It was restricted ( i ) to Germany, ( 2 ) to modern times. These 

 restrictions were understood differently in each volume, according to the subject and 

 to the author. The temporal restrictions can easily be applied: one can decide to 

 begin one's account in the sixteenth century or later (with or without restrospective 

 intermezzi in the text or footnotes); on the other hand, it is generally impossible to 

 give an intelligible account of the development of science in one country without 

 referring to work done in other countries. Many of the Bavarian books were of 

 international interest and received international recognition. The first volume ap- 

 peared in 1864 and the twenty-fourth and last in 1913. The delay in publication 

 of this last volume was accidental, however (Isis 1, 527-29); the whole collection 

 appeared within the nineteenth century, except the last part of the book on the 

 German study of law (delayed until 1910) and the book on the history of physics 

 (delayed until 1913). As this collection is the most ambitious effort of its kind, 

 we give the Hst of these 24 works in chronological order of pubUcation. For each 

 work we name the author, then his subject (botany means history of botany) with 

 its temporal restriction as indicated in the title, finally the date of first edition. 



1. JoHANN Caspar Bluntschli. Constitutipnal law and politics, from the six- 

 teenth century. 1864. 



2.* Franz KoBELL (1803-82). Mineralogy 1650-1860. 1864. 



3.' Karl Fraas (1810-75). Agriculture and forestry from the sixteenth century. 

 1865. 



4.* Oscar Peschel (1826-75). Geography to Alexander von Humboldt and 

 Carl Ritter. 1865 (revised 1877). 



5. Isaac August Dorner. Protestant theology. 1867. 



6. Karl Werner. Catholic theology from the Council of Trent. 1866. 



7. Hermann Lotze. Aesthetics. 1868. 



8. Theodor Benfey. "Sprachwissenschaft" and oriental philology from the be- 

 ginning of the nineteenth centvu-y with retrospective views. 1869. 



9. Rudolf von Raumer. Germanic philology. 1870. 

 10.* Hermann Kopp (1817-92). Chemistry. 1873. 



11.* Karl Karmarsch (1803-79). Technology from the middle of the eighteenth 



century. 1872. 

 12.* Julius Victor Carus ( 1823-1903). Zoology until Joh. Muller and Darwin. 



1872. 



13. Eduard Zeller. German philosophy from Leibniz. 1873. 



14. Wilhelm Roscher. National economy. 1874. 



15.* Julius von Sachs (1832-97). Botany from the sixteenth century until 1860. 



1875. 

 16.* Rudolf Wolf (1816-93). Astronomy. 1877. 

 17.* Karl I^^MANUEL Gerhardt (1816-99). Mathematics. 1877. 



18. Roderick Stintzing. German law (3 vols, in 5). 1880-1910. 



19. KoNRAD BuRSiAN. Classical philology in Germany from its beginning ( 2 vols. ) . 

 1883. 



