106 THE HOUSE FLY—DISEASE CARRIER 
Early laboratory experimental work in the labora¬ 
tory was carried on in this country by Dr. Jocelyn Man¬ 
ning (1902) of Eau Claire, Wis., who succeeded in 
making pure cultures from infected flies of the fol¬ 
lowing bacteria: Bacillus pyocyaneus, Staphyllococcus 
pyogenes aureus, Bacillus typhi abdominalis and B. 
coli communis . 
The care with which Doctor Graham-Smith sum¬ 
marizes the results of his experiments and the similar 
observations of previous workers, in order to preserve 
an exactly judicial and thoroughly scientific frame of 
mind, is worthy of all praise, but the accumulation of 
evidence which has been gathered and which will be 
displayed in our consideration of the different diseases 
is so overwhelming, both from the standpoint of exact 
observation and of sound inference, that surely every 
possible effort to do away with Mnsca domestica is am¬ 
ply justified on the disease-bearing ground. 
Other laboratory observations have been made by 
trained bacteriologists and mycologists in the direction 
of the carriage of micro-organisms by flies. One inter¬ 
esting series, to which the writer has referred else¬ 
where, was published by W. N. Esten and C. J. Mason 
(1908). The following table and the two subsequent 
paragraphs are quoted from their bulletin: 
