CARRIAGE OF DISEASE 
119 
one-fifth of the soldiers in the national encampments 
in the United States during that summer developed 
this disease, while more than eighty per cent, of the 
total deaths were caused by typhoid. 
About the same time that Doctor Vaughan’s report 
was presented, Dr. R. H. Quill, in a “Report on an 
outbreak of Enteric Fever at Diyatalawa Camp, Ceylon, 
among the Second King’s Royal Rifles during the 
period they acted as guard over the Boer prisoners of 
the war,” stated that “during the whole period that 
enteric fever was rife in the Boer camp, flies in that 
camp amounted almost to a plague, the military camp 
being similarly infested, though to a lesser extent.” 
During the Boer War again and again the connec¬ 
tion between flies and enteric fever was noted. Nut- 
tall and Jepson have collected some significant quota¬ 
tions from different writers of that period. These may 
be quoted as follows: 
“Tooth and Calverley (1901, p. 73), writing of ty¬ 
phoid in camps during the South African War, state 
that ‘In a tent full of men, all apparently equally ill, 
one may almost pick out the enteric cases by the masses 
of flies that they attract. This was very noticeable at 
Modder River, for at that time there w r ere in many 
tents men with severe sunstroke who resembled in some 
ways enteric patients, and it was remarkable to see how 
the flies passed over them to hover round and settle on 
the enterics. The moment an enteric patient put out 
his tongue, one or more flies would settle on it.’ 
“The authors further state that: ‘At Bloemfontein 
