CARRIAGE OF DISEASE 
131 
in the body and be found in the feces and gall blad¬ 
der long after all clinical symptoms have ceased; it 
appears that women form a large percentage of chronic 
bacilli carriers; sixteen out of twenty-two cases (Lutz) 
and nine out of twelve cases (Klinger). (3) Typhoid 
bacilli may be found in the excreta of healthy persons 
who have apparently never suffered from typhoid 
fever; they have been in contact with cases of typhoid 
and are analogous to the contact cases of diphtheria 
outbreaks. 
Nature, in a review of scientific memoirs by officers 
of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Gov¬ 
ernment in India, No. 32, Calcutta, 1908 (Review, Na¬ 
ture, November 5, 1908, p. 21), shows, as a result of 
this Indian work, that the typhoid bacillus continues 
to be excreted for long periods in the urine and feces 
of a certain percentage of patients convalescent from 
enteric fever, the number in the urine being very large 
and the excretion being markedly intermittent. The 
general conclusion arrived at was that the problem of 
the prevention of enteric fever among the British troops 
in India is the detection and isolation of the individual 
harboring the Bacillus typhosus. 
As a matter of course, the typhoid patient himself 
is a much more frequent cause of infection than the 
healthy typhoid carrier. Klinger, in the report of the 
anti-typhoid campaign in Southwest Germany, pre¬ 
viously referred to, found that the typhoid patient was 
the source of infection in 1,272 cases and the healthy 
typhoid carrier in 125 cases. He concluded therefore 
