136 THE HOUSE FLY—DISEASE CARRIER 
by the chronic carrier. As it happens, they had several 
cases of chronic carriers under observation. In their 
first experiment, typhoid bacilli were recovered from 
polluted soil six hours after pollution, but thirty hours 
after none could be recovered. In a second experiment, 
bacilli were recovered five and one-half hours from 
soil pollution. In a third experiment, bacilli were re¬ 
covered five hours after pollution, and again thirty 
hours after pollution of the soil; none later. In a 
fourth experiment, bacilli were recovered twenty-four 
hours after contamination. 
The sixth and seventh experiments were made with 
toweling, to indicate the viability of the typhoid bacillus 
on cotton fabrics. A piece of toweling was soaked in a 
sample of urine which was found to contain 50,000 
bacilli per cc. It was then cut into pieces and put into 
petri dishes, with the result that bacilli were found 
upon some of the pieces up to and including the fourth 
day after pollution, where the pieces had been exposed 
to daylight. Pieces kept in the dark were found to be 
infested with living bacilli up to and including the 
eleventh day. 
In another experiment, one of the carriers voided 
his excrement in a dry-earth latrine, with the result 
that it was found that, under the conditions of a dry- 
earth closet and of drv-earth methods of disposing of 
excreta, typhoid bacilli can readily be recovered up 
to a week, and can exist in the interior of a dry fecal 
mass up to eighteen days. This indicates, say the 
writers, how easily the infection could be conveyed 
