CARRIAGE OF DISEASE 
153 
direction was done by Surgeon Major R. Macrae 
(1894), the civil surgeon of Gaya, India, at the time 
of an outbreak of cholera in the jail at that place. He 
had in the case of the jail at Gaya a definite structure 
composed of eight yards, and thus his observations were 
condensed, and his medical authority enabled him to 
control the situation to a sufficient extent to prove his 
conclusions to his satisfaction and practically to that 
of every one else. With much detail he gives a map 
of the jail enclosures and a description of them, to¬ 
gether with an account of the distribution of the pris¬ 
oners. The cholera outbreak was under his charge and 
thorough examinations were made of all of the possible 
means of spread. The water supply was shown to be 
above suspicion. The milk was of excellent quality and 
the food as well. A high wall separated the male de¬ 
partment from that of the females and cut off the fly 
infection; no cases of cholera occurring in the female 
side. As Macrae states: “It was observed before the 
epidemic Occurred that the jail was infested with a 
plague of flies; disinfectants of various kinds were 
used, but they could not be got rid of. The moist, 
steaming weather appeared to favor their development. 
They were present in swarms when the disease broke 
out, and it was an observation of daily occurrence to 
see them settling on cholera stools wherever possible. 
The rest can he imagined! As soon as feeding time 
arrived and the food was distributed in the usual way 
on open iron plates on the feeding platforms, there was 
at once a crowding of flies towards the platforms, and 
